The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Assessment of pain
Open accessAbstract
Unlabelled Valid and reliable assessment of pain is essential for both clinical trials and effective pain management. The nature of pain makes objective measurement impossible. Acute pain can be reliably assessed, both at rest (important for comfort) and during movement (important for function and risk of postoperative complications), with one-dimensional tools such as numeric rating scales or visual analogue scales. Both these are more powerful in detecting changes in pain intensity than a verbal categorical rating scale. In acute pain trials, assessment of baseline pain must ensure sufficient pain intensity for the trial to detect meaningful treatment effects. Chronic pain assessment and its impact on physical, emotional, and social functions require multidimensional qualitative tools and health-related quality of life instruments. Several disease- and patient-specific functional scales are useful, such as the Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities for osteoarthritis, and several neuropathic pain screening tools. The Initiative on Methods Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials recommendations for outcome measurements of chronic pain trials are also useful for routine assessment. Cancer pain assessment is complicated by a number of other bodily and mental symptoms such as fatigue and depression, all affecting quality of life. It is noteworthy that quality of life reported by chronic pain patients can be as much affected as that of terminal cancer patients. Any assessment of pain must take into account other factors, such as cognitive impairment or dementia, and assessment tools validated in the specific patient groups being studied.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In the context of pain, the NRS has been proven to have good reliability and validity [53,54]. It is a valid measure of pain intensity (0–10) that is less influenced by present mood state [55]”
In the citing paper
“Telemonitoring with episodic phone calls, which is becoming an increasingly common practice, also only partially solves the aforementioned problems. First, because undesired events (e.g., side medication effects or decreased treatment effectiveness) can occur at different treatment stages [34], which means that control calls will often occur before or long after unwanted events occur.”
Citations
Cites
Survey of chronic pain in Europe: Prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment
Breivik, H., Collett, B., Ventafridda, V., Cohen, R., & Gallacher, D. (2006) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.06.009 · Cited by 5,486
The Revised CONSORT Statement for Reporting Randomized Trials: Explanation and Elaboration
Altman, D. G., Schulz, K. F., Moher, D., Egger, M., Davidoff, F., Elbourne, D., Gøtzsche, P. C., Lang, T., & for the CONSORT Group (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-8-200104170-00012 · Cited by 3,835
Core outcome measures for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations
Dworkin, R. H., Turk, D. C., Farrar, J. T., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Jensen, M. P., Katz, N. P., Kerns, R. D., Stucki, G., Allen, R. R., Bellamy, N., et al. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.09.012 · Cited by 3,732
Core outcome domains for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations
Turk, D. C., Dworkin, R. H., Allen, R. R., Bellamy, N., Brandenburg, N., Carr, D. B., Cleeland, C., Dionne, R., Farrar, J. T., Galer, B. S., et al. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2003.08.001 · Cited by 3,510
Dworkin, R. H., Turk, D. C., Wyrwich, K. W., Beaton, D., Cleeland, C. S., Farrar, J. T., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Jensen, M. P., Kerns, R. D., Ader, D. N., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2007.09.005 · Cited by 3,471
The Faces Pain Scale – Revised: toward a common metric in pediatric pain measurement
Hicks, C. L., von Baeyer, C. L., Spafford, P. A., van Korlaar, I. M., & Goodenough, B. (2001) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(01)00314-1 · Cited by 2,061
The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children.
Merkel, S. I., Voepel‐Lewis, T., Shayevitz, J. R., & Malviya, S. V. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 1,623
Development of the Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire to assess pain in cancer and other diseases
Daut, R. L., Cleeland, C. S., & Flanery, R. C. (1983) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(83)90143-4 · Cited by 1,562
The LANSS Pain Scale: the Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs
Bennett, M. (2001) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00482-6 · Cited by 1,165
Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain
McMahon, S. B., & Koltzenburg, M. (2005) · Cited by 1,014
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Eder, 2001, How well do physicians document pain in the emergency department?, Acad Emerg Med, 8, 427
- Fredheim, 2008, Norwegian pain society minimum questionnaire for pain patients (NOSF-MISS), Tids Nor Legeforen, 128
- Lefebre-Chapiro, 2001, The Doloplus 2 scale—evaluating pain in the elderly, Eur J Pall Care, 8, 191
- Straw, 2000, Situp, take notice, Health Serv J, 5704, 24
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Delgado, D. A., Lambert, B. S., Boutris, N., McCulloch, P. C., Robbins, A. B., Moreno, M. R., & Harris, J. D. (2018) · JAAOS Global Research and Reviews · doi:10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-17-00088 · Cited by 1,351
Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Persistent Pain Following Breast Cancer Surgery
Gärtner, R., Jensen, M.-B., Nielsen, J., Ewertz, M., Kroman, N., & Kehlet, H. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1568 · Cited by 908
The validity of pain intensity measures: what do the NRS, VAS, VRS, and FPS-R measure?
Thong, I. S. K., Jensen, M. P., Miró, J., & Tan, G. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2018-0012 · Cited by 652
Gerbershagen, H. J., Rothaug, J., Kalkman, C. J., & Meissner, W. (2011) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aer195 · Cited by 527
Assessment of Chronic Pain: Domains, Methods, and Mechanisms
Fillingim, R. B., Loeser, J. D., Baron, R., & Edwards, R. R. (2016) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.08.010 · Cited by 422
Metadata
- Authors
- Breivik, H., Borchgrevink, P. C., Allen, S. M., Rosseland, L. A., Romundstad, L., Breivik Hals, E. K., Kvarstein, G., & Stubhaug, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Breivik, H.
- Venue
- British Journal of Anaesthesia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17-24
- ISSN
- 0007-0912 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2138261897
- Cited by
- 2,108
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 107 · 2025: 190 · 2024: 163 · 2023: 187 · 2022: 158 · 2021: 174 · 2020: 165 · 2019: 146 · 2018: 127 · 2017: 113 · 2016: 112 · 2015: 118 · 2014: 88 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 53
- FWCI
- 7.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- British Journal of Anaesthesia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- pain assessment, acute pain, chronic pain, cancer pain, health-related quality of life, numerical rating scale, visual analogue scale, functional scales, neuropathic pain screening, cognitive impairment, dementia
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Analgesics, Chronic Disease, Humans, Movement, Neoplasms, Pain, Pain Measurement, Postoperative Pain, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
