The DOI matches its Crossref record; 203 of the 207 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
When does acute pain become chronic?
Open accessAbstract
The transition from acute to chronic pain appears to occur in discrete pathophysiological and histopathological steps. Stimuli initiating a nociceptive response vary, but receptors and endogenous defence mechanisms in the periphery interact in a similar manner regardless of the insult. Chemical, mechanical, and thermal receptors, along with leucocytes and macrophages, determine the intensity, location, and duration of noxious events. Noxious stimuli are transduced to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, where amino acid and peptide transmitters activate second-order neurones. Spinal neurones then transmit signals to the brain. The resultant actions by the individual involve sensory-discriminative, motivational-affective, and modulatory processes in an attempt to limit or stop the painful process. Under normal conditions, noxious stimuli diminish as healing progresses and pain sensation lessens until minimal or no pain is detected. Persistent, intense pain, however, activates secondary mechanisms both at the periphery and within the central nervous system that cause allodynia, hyperalgesia, and hyperpathia that can diminish normal functioning. These changes begin in the periphery with upregulation of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and interleukin-1β-sensitizing first-order neurones, which eventually sensitize second-order spinal neurones by activating N-methyl-d-aspartic acid channels and signalling microglia to alter neuronal cytoarchitecture. Throughout these processes, prostaglandins, endocannabinoids, ion-specific channels, and scavenger cells all play a key role in the transformation of acute to chronic pain. A better understanding of the interplay among these substances will assist in the development of agents designed to ameliorate or reverse chronic pain.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Since numerous studies have demonstrated that depression, anxiety and other psychological co-morbidities (e.g. catastrophization, poor coping skills) are risk factors for pain chronification [7, 12, 18]”
From Telerehabilitation of acute musculoskeletal multi-disorders: prospective, single-arm, interventional study (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
Citations
Cites
International Union of Pharmacology: Approaches to the Nomenclature of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels
Catterall, W. A., Chandy, K. G., Clapham, D. E., Gutman, G. A., Hofmann, F., Harmar, A. J., Abernethy, D. R., & Spedding, M. (2003) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.55.4.5 · Cited by 7,126
Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention
Kehlet, H., Jensen, T. S., & Woolf, C. J. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68700-x · Cited by 4,086
Neuronal plasticity: Increasing the gain in pain
Woolf, C. J., & Salter, M. W. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.288.5472.1765 · Cited by 3,781
Millan, M. J. (2002) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00009-6 · Cited by 3,035
International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of Cannabinoid Receptors
Howlett, A. C., Barth, F., Bonner, T. I., Cabral, G., Casellas, P., Devane, W. A., Felder, C. C., Herkenham, M., Mackie, K., Martin, B. R., et al. (2002) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.54.2.161 · Cited by 2,819
Apfelbaum, J. L., Chen, C., Mehta, S. S., & Gan, A. T. J. (2003) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000068822.10113.9e · Cited by 2,207
Vanilloid receptors on sensory nerves mediate the vasodilator action of anandamide
Zygmunt, P. M., Petersson, J., Andersson, D. A., Chuang, H.-H., Sørgård, M., Di Marzo, V., Julius, D., & Högestätt, E. D. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/22761 · Cited by 2,142
Venkatachalam, K., & Montell, C. (2007) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142819 · Cited by 1,996
AN INTRODUCTION TO TRP CHANNELS
Ramsey, I. S., Delling, M., & Clapham, D. E. (2005) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.68.040204.100431 · Cited by 1,596
The Value of ???Multimodal??? or ???Balanced Analgesia??? in Postoperative Pain Treatment
Kehlet, H., & Dahl, J. R. B. (1993) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/00000539-199311000-00030 · Cited by 1,477
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Schmitt, 1985, Rehabilitation of chronic pain: A multi-disciplinary approach, J Rehabil, 51, 72
- Harstall, 2003, How prevalent is chronic pain?, IASP Pain Clinical Updates, XI, 1
- Richardson, 1994, Post-thoracotomy neuralgia, Pain Clin, 7, 87
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–472 of 472
A New Era in Asthma Management: Assessment of Asthma Control
Murphy, M. (2020) · The Journal of Family Practice · doi:10.12788/jfp.0061
Physiological basis and Mechanism of Headache: Recent advances
Sinha, A. (2021) · Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research · doi:10.18535/jmscr/v9i5.28
Fishe, J. N. (2021) · Emergency medical services · doi:10.1002/9781119756279.ch55
Transition from acute pain service to transitional pain service
Yamaguchi, K., Saito, T., Iida, S., Kawabe, C., Tanaka, H., Maeda, T., & Iseki, M. (2021) · PAIN RESEARCH · doi:10.11154/pain.36.109
The Effect of Opioid Blockade on Pain in Healthy Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Jensen, E. N. (2021) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Gene therapy of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury
Kalashnikova, I. V., Farmer, M. A., Shea, L. D., & Park, J. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818662-6.00017-0
Mishra, M. (2021) · International Journal of Anesthesiology & Research · doi:10.19070/2332-2780-21000132
Teles, W. D. S., Nascimento, P. V. D. S., Santos, B. D. F., da Silva, M. C., Barros, Â. M. M. S., Torres, R. C., Azevedo, M. V. C., & Santos, P. C. C. (2022) · Amplla Editora eBooks · doi:10.51859/amplla.pae1993-17
Ketamine for Non-Neuropathic Pain
Sundaram, S., & Ashok Swaminathan, G. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.101665
ALTERAÇÕES MORFOFISIOLÓGICAS CARDIOVASCULARES DECORRENTES DO PROCESSO DE SENESCÊNCIA
de, B. Q. D. B. Q., Brito, A. C. V. S., Miranda, B. R. C., & Sousa, L. G. V. (2022) · Amplla Editora eBooks · doi:10.51859/amplla.pae1993-28
Ovadia, A. E., Yang, H., Niederberger, C. S., Ho, C. P., Sabia, M., & Seftel, A. D. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45794-9_7
Macionis, V. (2021) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/xehkp
Pathophysiology, Assessment, and Treatment of Chronic Cancer Pain in Critically Ill Patients
Le-Short, C., & Koyyalagunta, D. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74698-2_142-1
Zhu, X. Y., Li, F., Wang, M., Su, H., Wu, X., Qiu, H., Zhou, W., Shan, C., Wang, C., & Wei, L. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-48553/v3
Halawa, O. I., & Edwards, D. A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15820-4_3
Optimizing Musculoskeletal Health
Gallagher, S., & Barbe, M. F. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119640172.ch15
Structure and Function of the Nervous System and Its Relation to Pain
Gallagher, S., & Barbe, M. F. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119640172.ch4
Macionis, V. (2021) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/v9gzm
Murphy, M. Z., Jackson, T., & Mishra, P. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08376-1_4
Audio interventions for acute pain management – Protocol of systematic review and meta-analysisPreprint
Tololiu, K. E., Kurnianto, A. A., & Csókási, K. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2452639/v1
Tiffany, A., Abiati, M. R., Foe, K., Tjahjono, Y., Caroline, C., Esar, S. Y., & Hadinugroho, W. (2022) · JFIOnline · doi:10.35617/jfionline.v14i1.78
Generalidades da anatomia do sistema nervoso periférico
Ferraz, H. T., Borges, E., Saturnino, K. C., Ramos, D. G. D. S., Lopes, D. T., de Assis-Silva, Z. M., & Helfenstein, K. K. (2023) · Seven Editora eBooks · doi:10.56238/manualneurotovetv12023-004
Fisiopatologia, classificação e aspectos negativos relacionados à dor em animais
Neto, A. C. S., Germano, G. L., Regalin, D., Rocha, A. C. D. S., Maia, G. O., Saturnino, K. C., & Ferraz, H. T. (2023) · Seven Editora eBooks · doi:10.56238/manualneurotovetv12023-006
Manual de neuroanatomia veterinária básica
(2023) · Seven Editora eBooks · doi:10.56238/manualneurotovetv12023
Bloqueio epidural em cães e gatos
Germano, G. L., Neto, A. C. S., Regalin, D., Guimarães, J. B., Saturnino, K. C., Ferraz, H. T., & Rocha, T. A. S. D. S. (2023) · Seven Editora eBooks · doi:10.56238/manualneurotovetv12023-007
Organização do sistema nervoso
Ferraz, H. T., Borges, E., Saturnino, K. C., Lopes, D. T., Ramos, D. G. D. S., Alves-Sobrinho, A. V., & Lopes, W. D. Z. (2023) · Seven Editora eBooks · doi:10.56238/manualneurotovetv12023-001
Generalidades da anatomia do sistema nervoso central
Ferraz, H. T., Borges, E., Lopes, D. T., Ramos, D. G. D. S., Saturnino, K. C., Fontana, C. A. P., & Helfenstein, K. K. (2023) · Seven Editora eBooks · doi:10.56238/manualneurotovetv12023-003
Aspectos morfofuncionais do sistema nervoso
Ferraz, H. T., Saturnino, K. C., Borges, E., Rezende, P. F. Z., Ramos, D. G. D. S., Lopes, D. T., & Alves-Sobrinho, A. V. (2023) · Seven Editora eBooks · doi:10.56238/manualneurotovetv12023-002
Ferraz, H. T., Borges, E., Lopes, D. T., Saturnino, K. C., Ramos, D. G. D. S., Silva, C. H., & de Assis-Silva, Z. M. (2023) · Seven Editora eBooks · doi:10.56238/manualneurotovetv12023-005
Susanti, R., & Syafrita, Y. (2023) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0127764
Pathophysiology and Clinical Evaluation of Chronic Pelvic Pain
De, E., & Mogica, J. A. P. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71112-2_53-1 · Cited by 1
Vlaicu, M. B. ̆., & Vlaicu, A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-77862-9.00001-3
Research Progress on Chronic Pain after Thoracic Surgery
金, 小. (2023) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2023.1392121
Rojas‐Líbano, D., Gonzalo Rivera, L., & José Ignacio Egaña, T. (2015) · Revista Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile · doi:10.5354/2735-7996.2015.71364
Kalyoncuo, S. (2023) · Yaşam Boyu Hemşirelik Dergisi · doi:10.29228/llnursing.71231
Cardinal, É., Bilodeau, K., Lebeau, J., Aubin, M., Guiné, J., Dutey-Harispe, O., Delage, J., Caron-Trahan, R., Véronneau, J., Landry, M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s463738
Shahani, P., Abolghasemi, H., Abtin, S., Mozafari, R., Barikrow, N., Yekta, B. G., & Haghparast, A. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4805942/v1
From Healing to Hurting: Addressing Sex- and Gender-Based Differences in Chronic Postsurgical Pain
Misra, L., Vegunta, S., & Folley, T. A. (2024) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2024.0701
Pain and the Transition from Acute to Chronic
Oweidat, A., Gad, R., Rubin, Y., Harb, A. C., Chehade, N. E. H., & Khalili, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-67648-2_11
Substance P-neurokinin 1 receptor pathway in musculoskeletal disorders
Hilliard, B. A., & Barbe, M. F. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-22194-1.00022-7
Effect of spiritual emotional freedom technique (SEFT) on pain during the COVID-19 pandemic
Mulianda, D., & Ropyanto, C. B. (2024) · Scripta Medica · doi:10.5937/scriptamed55-49743 · Cited by 1
Understanding the need for and use of analgesics in the emergency department
Groenveld, T. D., Arpots, R., de Vries, M., van Boekel, R. L. M., van Eeten, E., van Goor, H., & Stirler, V. M. A. (2025) · International Emergency Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101648
Douleurs aiguës chez un douloureux chronique
Daccache, G. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-76067-9.00048-4
Bilateral continuous thoracic paravertebral block for chronic pancreatitis pain management
Bagaphou, C. T., Fattorini, F., Parisi, L. R., Cerotto, V., & Martinelli, S. (2025) · Advances in Anesthesia and Pain Medicine · doi:10.4081/aapm.52
Pająk, M., Kamysz, E., Banach, M., Jankowski, W. M., Tarasiuk, A., Fichna, J., & Woźniczka, M. (2025) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-025-03481-2
In reply to Dr. Alper Mengi Letter to the Editor (2025-1068)
Lajeunesse, M., & Hull, A. (2025) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2025.07.006
Pyruvate kinase M2 – linked metabolic pathways in pain modulation
Kalmegh, V., Guha, L., Chatterjee, D. R., Kumar, H., & Shard, A. (2025) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104557
Physiopathologie et traitements de la douleur chronique associée aux affections rhumatologiques
Chen, Y., Nelson, A. M., & Cohen, S. P. (2025) · Revue du Rhumatisme · doi:10.1016/j.rhum.2025.12.001
Barakji, J. A., Korang, S. K., Feinberg, J. B., Maagaard, M., Mathiesen, O., Gluud, C., & Jakobsen, J. C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26611961
Chronic Non-cancer Pain Assessment
Mayo, P., Walter, S., & Zhao, X. W. C. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-10050-4_23
Mich, P. M. (2026) · doi:10.1002/9781394172009.ch2.4
Khan, K. A., Smyth, M., Perkins, G. T., Yeung, J., Walker, A., McLaren, R., Fuller, G. W., & Petrou, S. (2026) · Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation · doi:10.1186/s12962-025-00712-x
Effective management of chronic lumbar back pain in five dogs using an erector spinae plane block
Haslinger, N., & Ertelt, K. (2026) · Veterinary Record Case Reports · doi:10.1002/vrc2.70349
Nair, T., Elvir-Lazo, O. L., & Wong, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Anesthesiology · doi:10.3389/fanes.2026.1766035
Dwyer, T. S., Shrinidhi, A., Aryal, S., Berchtold, M. W., Munk, M., Klein, A. H., Koss, W. A., Flaherty, D. P., & Watts, V. J. (2026) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.molpha.2026.100121
Introduction to chronic diseases and the need for early detection
Goel, F., Pal, A., Gupta, P., Singh, P., Nand, S., & Yadav, D. K. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33263-0.00009-7
Chen, P.-A., Hsueh, Y.-C., Lin, Y.-C., Chen, S.-Y., Chang, C.-H., Hsieh, P., Yang, K.-H., & Peng, S. (2026) · The Journal of Arthroplasty · doi:10.1016/j.arth.2026.04.066
Effectiveness and safety of dextrose prolotherapy for chronic spinal pain: A systematic review
Nazwar, T. A., Bal’afif, F., Wardhana, D. W., Balafif, F., & Panjaitan, C. (2026) · Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.4103/joacp.joacp_524_25
Pathophysiology, Assessment, and Treatment of Chronic Cancer Pain in Critically Ill Patients
Javed, S., & Koyyalagunta, D. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74698-2_142-2
Smyth, M. A., Noordali, H., Lall, R., Michelet, F., Petrou, S., Khan, K., Yeung, J., Fuller, G. W., Walker, A., McLaren, R., et al. (2025) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/kgto6391
Jin, W., Li, L., Yang, J., Xu, X., Xiao, Q., Li, J., Ke, C., & Wu, Y. (2026) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2026.138694
Shannon, T. C. J., Cravens, L. E., & Pond, R. S. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16091579
Ferrante, A.-N., Flury, J. S., Keller, B. K., Ayoson, J., Holtforth, M. G., & Wertli, D. M. A. P. M. M. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10196387/v1
Frescos, N., Prendergast, L. E., & Cole, W. H. (2026) · International Wound Journal · doi:10.1111/iwj.71070
Management of Postoperative Pain in Thoracic Surgery
Zhang, H., Sun, B., You, J., Sun, X., & Zhang, R. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-92-0191-4_12
Metadata
- Authors
- Voscopoulos, C., & Lema, M.
- Affiliations
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- Venue
- British Journal of Anaesthesia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 105
- Pages
- i69-i85
- ISSN
- 0007-0912 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2124105819
- Cited by
- 473
- References
- 207
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 1.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- British Journal of Anaesthesia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- acute pain, chronic pain, pain transition, nociception, dorsal horn, spinal cord, cyclooxygenase-2, IL-1β, NMDA receptor, microglia, allodynia, hyperalgesia, hyperpathia, prostaglandins, endocannabinoids, ion channels, pain modulation, analgesic drug development
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Chronic Disease, Humans, Neural Pathways, Neuralgia, Neuronal Plasticity, Pain, Pain, Postoperative, Postoperative Pain, Signal Transduction, Disease Progression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
