Duration and selectivity of blood–brain barrier breakdown in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis studied by gadolinium-DTPA and protein markers
Abstract
Gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) enhancement seen with magnetic resonance imaging in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CREAE) corresponded with sites of blood-brain barrier breakdown judged by traditional markers in areas of inflammatory demyelination. Duration of Gd-DTPA leakage for individual lesions in CREAE varied from 5 days to more than 5 wks. By contrast, in acute EAE leakage was of shorter duration (always less than 5 days). Selective enhancement was observed in CREAE lesions using Gd-protein markers. Gd-albumin enhancement was not always seen in areas of leakage of the smaller molecular weight compound Gd-DTPA. The addition of immunoglobulin to the gadolinium complex led to enhancement of lesions not seen with Gd-albumin alone. From the similarities between the histology and the patterns of Gd-enhancement in CREAE and multiple sclerosis, it is probable that Gd-enhancement reflects active inflammation (with or without demyelination) in the human disease.
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Aside from a relationship between Gd enhancement and inflammation, conventional MRI techniques do not distinguish other histopathological substrates of MS.
“Aside from a relationship between Gd enhancement and inflammation (Hawkins et al., 1990; Katz et al., 1993), however, such conventional MRI (cMRI) techniques do not distinguish other histopathological substrates of MS (Moore, 2003).”
From Diffusion tensor imaging of post mortem multiple sclerosis brain (2007) · cites this paper as Hawkins et al., 1990
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KERMODE, A. G., THOMPSON, A. J., TOFTS, P., MACMANUS, D. G., KENDALL, B. E., KINGSLEY, D. P. E., MOSELEY, I. F., RUDGE, P., & MCDONALD, W. I. (1990) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/113.5.1477 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Self-citationDiffusion tensor imaging of post mortem multiple sclerosis brain
Schmierer, K., Wheeler-Kingshott, C. A. M., Boulby, P. A., Scaravilli, F., Altmann, D. R., Barker, G. J., Tofts, P. S., & Miller, D. H. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.12.010 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Self-citationInflammation in multiple sclerosis: the good, the bad, and the complex
Martino, G., Adorini, L., Rieckmann, P., Hillert, J., Kallmann, B., Comi, G., & Filippi, M. (2002) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(02)00223-5 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Early detection of liposome brain localization in rat experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
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Blundell, P. A., Lu, D., Wilkinson, M., Dell, A., Haslam, S., & Pleass, R. J. (2019) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1801337 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- HAWKINS, C. P., MUNRO, P. M. G., MACKENZIE, F., KESSELRING, J., TOFTS, P. S., BOULAY, E. P. G. H. D., LANDON, D. N., & McDONALD, W. I.
- Affiliations
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (GB)
- Corresponding author
- McDONALD, W. I.
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1990
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 365-378
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W1973786451
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 16.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Multiple Sclerosis Society
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
- Keywords
- blood-brain barrier disruption, Gd-DTPA, MRI contrast enhancement, demyelination, inflammation, multiple sclerosis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Chronic Disease, Contrast Media, Pentetic Acid, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, Guinea Pigs, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Microscopy, Electron, Organometallic Compounds, Proteins, Recurrence, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Gadolinium DTPA
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