Risk Factors for Intensive Care Unit Admission and In-hospital Mortality Among Hospitalized Adults Identified through the US Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET)
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Abstract
Background Currently, the United States has the largest number of reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths globally. Using a geographically diverse surveillance network, we describe risk factors for severe outcomes among adults hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods We analyzed data from 2491 adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between 1 March-2 May 2020, as identified through the Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network, which comprises 154 acute-care hospitals in 74 counties in 13 states. We used multivariable analyses to assess associations between age, sex, race and ethnicity, and underlying conditions with intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality. Results The data show that 92% of patients had ≥1 underlying condition; 32% required ICU admission; 19% required invasive mechanical ventilation; and 17% died. Independent factors associated with ICU admission included ages 50-64, 65-74, 75-84, and ≥85 years versus 18-39 years (adjusted risk ratios [aRRs], 1.53, 1.65, 1.84, and 1.43, respectively); male sex (aRR, 1.34); obesity (aRR, 1.31); immunosuppression (aRR, 1.29); and diabetes (aRR, 1.13). Independent factors associated with in-hospital mortality included ages 50-64, 65-74, 75-84, and ≥ 85 years versus 18-39 years (aRRs, 3.11, 5.77, 7.67, and 10.98, respectively); male sex (aRR, 1.30); immunosuppression (aRR, 1.39); renal disease (aRR, 1.33); chronic lung disease (aRR 1.31); cardiov…
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Ang II binds the ATR1 receptor leading to release of TNFα and IL-6, which is associated with hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease-major comorbidities in severe COVID-19.
“Ang II binds the ATR1 (Ang II receptor 1) receptor leading to release of TNF α and IL-6, 55 which is associated with hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease 52,56,57 -major comorbidities in severe COVID-19.”
From COVID-19, Myocarditis and Pericarditis (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
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References 28 · Cited by 649
- Authors
- Kim, L., Garg, S., O’Halloran, A., Whitaker, M., Pham, H., Anderson, E. J., Armistead, I., Bennett, N. M., Billing, L., Como-Sabetti, K., Hill, M., Kim, S., Monroe, M. L., Muse, A., Reingold, A. L., Schaffner, W., Sutton, M., Talbot, H. K., Torres, S. M., Yousey-Hindes, K., Holstein, R., Cummings, C., Brammer, L., Hall, A. J., Fry, A. M., & Langley, G. E.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Emory University (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Ohio Department of Health (US)
- Minnesota Department of Health (US)
- Salt Lake County Health Department, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (US)
- Maryland Department of Health (US)
- New York State Department of Health (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Oregon Health Authority (US)
- New Mexico Department of Health (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Lindsay
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-07-16
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e206-e214
- ISSN
- 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6591
- PMC
- PMC7454425
- OpenAlex
- W3043192034
- Cited by
- 649
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 146 · 2022: 162 · 2021: 146 · 2020: 49
- FWCI
- 16.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Emerging Infections Program cooperative agreement (CK17–1701)
- Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (NU38OT000297–02–00)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, intensive care unit admission, in-hospital mortality, risk factors, hospitalized adults, age, sex differences, obesity, immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus, comorbidities, invasive mechanical ventilation, COVID-NET, racial and ethnic disparities, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, kidney disease, neurological disorders
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Hospitalization, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, United States, Hospital Mortality
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