The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 or H1N1 Influenza
Open accessAbstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging serious global health problem. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in COVID-19 patients, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA has been detected in stool specimens. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and disease remains to be established. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 30 patients with COVID-19, 24 patients with influenza A(H1N1), and 30 matched healthy controls (HCs) to identify differences in the gut microbiota by 16S ribosomal RNA gene V3–V4 region sequencing. Results: Compared with HCs, COVID-19 patients had significantly reduced bacterial diversity; a significantly higher relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens, such as Streptococcus, Rothia, Veillonella, and Actinomyces; and a lower relative abundance of beneficial symbionts. Five biomarkers showed high accuracy for distinguishing COVID-19 patients from HCs with an area under the curve (AUC) up to 0.89. Patients with H1N1 displayed lower diversity and different overall microbial composition compared with COVID-19 patients. Seven biomarkers were selected to distinguish the 2 cohorts (AUC = 0.94). Conclusions: The gut microbial signature of patients with COVID-19 was different from that of H1N1 patients and HCs. Our study suggests the potential value of the gut microbiota as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for COVID-19, but further validation is needed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 · Cited by 48,884
Self-citationA pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Zhu, Y., Li, B., Huang, C.-L., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 · Cited by 21,969
Self-citationClassification and Regression by randomForest
Liaw, A. I., & Wiener, M. C. (2007) · Cited by 18,594
Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome
The Human Microbiome Project Consortium (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11234 · Cited by 11,726
Chan, J. F.-W., Yuan, S., Kok, K.-H., To, K. K.-W., Chu, H., Yang, J., Xing, F., Liu, J., Yip, C. C.-Y., Poon, R. W.-S., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30154-9 · Cited by 8,944
Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study
Iuliano, A. D., Roguski, K. M., Chang, H. H., Muscatello, D. J., Palekar, R., Tempia, S., Cohen, C., Gran, J. M., Schanzer, D., Cowling, B. J., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)33293-2 · Cited by 3,019
The gut flora as a forgotten organ
O'Hara, A. M., & Shanahan, F. (2006) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400731 · Cited by 2,791
Microbiota regulates immune defense against respiratory tract influenza A virus infection
Ichinohe, T., Pang, I. K., Kumamoto, Y., Peaper, D. R., Ho, J. H., Murray, T. S., & Iwasaki, A. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1019378108 · Cited by 1,502
COVID-19: Gastrointestinal Manifestations and Potential Fecal–Oral Transmission
Gu, J., Han, B., & Wang, J. (2020) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.054 · Cited by 1,501
Zheng, S., Fan, J., Yu, F., Feng, B., Lou, B., Zou, Q., Xie, G., Lin, S., Wang, R., Yang, X., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1443 · Cited by 1,440
Self-citation
Cited by
Yeoh, Y. K., Zuo, T., Lui, G. C.-Y., Zhang, F., Liu, Q., Li, A. Y., Chung, A. C., Cheung, C. P., Tso, E. Y., Fung, K. S., et al. (2021) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323020 · Cited by 1,317
Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics
Harper, A., Vijayakumar, V., Ouwehand, A. C., ter Haar, J., Obis, D., Espadaler, J., Binda, S., Desiraju, S., & Day, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.596166 · Cited by 177
SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral load are associated with the upper respiratory tract microbiome
Rosas-Salazar, C., Kimura, K. S., Shilts, M. H., Strickland, B. A., Freeman, M. H., Wessinger, B. C., Gupta, V., Brown, H. M., Rajagopala, S. V., Turner, J. H., et al. (2021) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.001 · Cited by 92
Cataldi, S., Bonavolontà, V., Poli, L., Clemente, F. M., De Candia, M., Carvutto, R., Silva, A. F., Badicu, G., Greco, G., & Fischetti, F. (2022) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology11030479 · Cited by 68
Pneumatosis Intestinalis in the Setting of COVID-19: A Single Center Case Series From New York
Miyara, S. J., Becker, L. B., Guevara, S., Kirsch, C., Metz, C. N., Shoaib, M., Grodstein, E., Nair, V. V., Jandovitz, N., McCann-Molmenti, A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.638075 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Gu, S., Chen, Y., Wu, Z., Chen, Y., Gao, H., Lv, L., Guo, F., Zhang, X., Luo, R., Huang, C., Lu, H., Zheng, B., Zhang, J., Yan, R., Zhang, H., Jiang, H., Xu, Q., Guo, J., Gong, Y., Tang, L., & Li, L.
- Venue
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-06-04
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2669-2678
- ISSN
- 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6591
- OpenAlex
- W3033735761
- Cited by
- 788
- References
- 31
- FWCI
- 41.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 or H1N1 Influenza. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/cid/ciaa709
- The paper
- Gu, S., Chen, Y., Wu, Z., Chen, Y., Gao, H., Lv, L., Guo, F., Zhang, X., Luo, R., Huang, C., Lu, H., Zheng, B., Zhang, J., Yan, R., Zhang, H., Jiang, H., Xu, Q., Guo, J., Gong, Y., . . . Li, L. (2020). Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 or H1N1 Influenza. Clinical Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa709
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
