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Cited by 35Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility TestingSalmonella and Campylobacter epidemiologyPneumonia and Respiratory Infections

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Bacteremia Among Febrile Patients Attending Selected Healthcare Facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria

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Popoola, Oluwafemi, Kehinde, Aderemi, Ogunleye, Veronica, Adewusi, Oluwafemi J, Toy, Trevor, Mogeni, Ondari D, Aroyewun, Eunice O, Agbi, Sarah, Adekanmbi, Olukemi, Adepoju, Akinlolu, Muyibi, Sufiyan, Adebiyi, Ini, Elaturoti, Oluseyi O, Nwimo, Chukwuemeka, Adeoti, Hadizah, Omotosho, Temitope, Akinlabi, Olabisi C, Adegoke, Paul A, Adeyanju, Olusoji A, Panzner, Ursula, Baker, Stephen, Park, Se Eun, Marks, Florian, Okeke, Iruka N·2019·Clinical Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.1093/cid/ciz516PMC PMC6821210
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Abstract

Background: The relative contribution of bacterial infections to febrile disease is poorly understood in many African countries due to diagnostic limitations. This study screened pediatric and adult patients attending 4 healthcare facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria, for bacteremia and malaria parasitemia. Methods: Febrile patients underwent clinical diagnosis, malaria parasite testing, and blood culture. Bacteria from positive blood cultures were isolated and speciated using biochemical and serological methods, and Salmonella subtyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion. Results: A total of 682 patients were recruited between 16 June and 16 October 2017; 467 (68.5%) were <18 years of age. Bacterial pathogens were cultured from the blood of 117 (17.2%) patients, with Staphylococcus aureus (69 [59.0%]) and Salmonella enterica (34 [29.1%]) being the most common species recovered. Twenty-seven (79.4%) of the Salmonella isolates were serovar Typhi and the other 7 belonged to nontyphoidal Salmonella serovarieties. Thirty-four individuals were found to be coinfected with Plasmodium falciparum and bacteria. Five (14.7%) of these coinfections were with Salmonella, all in children aged <5 years. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that most of the Salmonella and Staphylococcus isolates were multidrug resistant. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that bacteria were commonly recovered from febrile patients with or without malaria in this location. Focused and extended epidemiological studies are needed for the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines that have the potential to prevent a major cause of severe community-acquired febrile diseases in our locality.

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  • In a study undertaken in Ibadan, Nigeria, 4.0% of febrile patients with bacteremia were found to be positive for Salmonella Typhi, while 1% had invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections.

    “In a study undertaken in Ibadan, Nigeria, 4.0% of febrile patients with bacteremia were found to be positive for S. Typhi, while 1% had invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) infections.72”

    From Antimicrobial Resistance Rates and Surveillance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Where Are We Now? (2022) · cites this paper as [72]

    The Results (Table 3; page unavailable) report S. Typhi in 27 of 682 enrolled febrile patients (4.0%) and seven nontyphoidal Salmonella infections (about 1%). The percentages use all enrolled febrile patients as the denominator, not only the 117 patients with bacteremia, as the citing sentence implies. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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  • All of the Salmonella isolates except one showed multidrug resistance, with ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility observed in 70.3% and 57% of Salmonella Typhi and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella, respectively.

    “All of the Salmonella isolates except one showed multidrugresistance (resistance to at least three antimicrobial classes), with ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility observed in 70.3% and 57% of S. Typhi and iNTS, respectively.”

    From Antimicrobial Resistance Rates and Surveillance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Where Are We Now? (2022) · cites this paper as [72]

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Metadata

Authors
Popoola, O., Kehinde, A., Ogunleye, V., Adewusi, O. J., Toy, T., Mogeni, O. D., Aroyewun, E. O., Agbi, S., Adekanmbi, O., Adepoju, A., Muyibi, S., Adebiyi, I., Elaturoti, O. O., Nwimo, C., Adeoti, H., Omotosho, T., Akinlabi, O. C., Adegoke, P. A., Adeyanju, O. A., Panzner, U., Baker, S., Park, S. E., Marks, F., & Okeke, I. N.
Affiliations
  • University of Ibadan (NG)
  • University College Hospital, Ibadan (NG)
  • International Vaccine Institute (KR)
  • Our Lady of Apostles Catholic Hospital, Oluyoro
  • Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Yemetu, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • University of Cambridge (GB)
Corresponding author
Okeke, Iruka N
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2019-10-30
Volume
69
Issue
Supplement_6
Pages
S466-S473
ISSN
  • 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-6591
DOI
10.1093/cid/ciz516
PMC
PMC6821210
OpenAlex
W2982504217
Cited by
35
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
FWCI
3.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
  • Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1127988)
  • UK Medical Research Council
  • UK Department for International Development
  • European Union
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology (medical) › Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Keywords
bacteremia, febrile illness, malaria co-infection, Plasmodium falciparum, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, non-typhoidal Salmonella, antimicrobial resistance, multidrug resistance, typhoid fever, typhoid conjugate vaccine, pediatric patients, Ibadan, Nigeria
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteria, Bacterial Infections, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Fever, Humans, Infant, Malaria, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Nigeria, Plasmodium falciparum, Bacteremia, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Young Adult, Coinfection

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