The DOI matches its Crossref record; 114 of the 114 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The psychotherapy dose-response effect and its implications for treatment delivery services.
Abstract
To date, few studies have been published on the doseresponse relationship, but there is general consensus that between 13 and 18 sessions of therapy are required for 50% of patients to improve. Reviewing the clinical trials literature reveals that in carefully controlled and implemented treatments, between 57.6% and 67.2% of patients improve within an average of 12.7 sessions. Using naturalistic data, however, revealed that the average number of sessions received in a national database of over 6,000 patients was less than five. The rate of improvement in this sample was only about 20%. These results suggest that patients, on average, do not get adequate exposure to psychotherapy, nor do they recover from illness at rates observed in clinical trials research.
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“studies consistently show that between 3 and 10% of psychotherapy clients get worse (Crawford et al. 2016; Hansen et al. 2002; Lambert 2013; Mohr 1995; Strupp et al. 1977).”
From Frequency of Self-reported Unpleasant Events and Harm in a Mindfulness-Based Program in Two General Population Samples (2021) · cites this paper as Hansen et al. 2002
Citations
Cites
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Carlbring, P., Andersson, G., Cuijpers, P., Riper, H., & Hedman-Lagerlöf, E. (2018) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2017.1401115 · Cited by 1,232
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Swift, J. K., & Greenberg, R. P. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028226 · Cited by 978
“Hansen, Lambert, and Forman (2002) have previously pointed out the discrepancy in treatment durations between efficacy studies and actual practice, with clients in actual clinical settings attending fewer sessions and being less likely to recover by the end of treatment.”
BackgroundForman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Moitra, E., Yeomans, P. D., & Geller, P. A. (2007) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445507302202 · Cited by 687
“Hansen, Lambert, and Forman (2002) reported that only 50% of 1,188 patients seeking services at a (traditional) student counseling center attended more than four sessions, and only 50% of 595 patients from a local HMO (who may have more similar characteristics to the nontraditional student population served in the pre…”
BackgroundSelf-citationShimokawa, K., Lambert, M. J., & Smart, D. W. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019247 · Cited by 657
“Similarly, an argument can be made against causal statements based on the data of studies not directly compared in the same randomized trials, such as in the case of comparing the CST Fb group and the pooled TAU group in the studies of Harmon et al. (2007) and Slade et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationIs it time for clinicians to routinely track patient outcome? A meta-analysis
Lambert, M. J., Whipple, J. L., Hawkins, E. J., Vermeersch, D. A., Nielsen, S. L., & Smart, D. W. (2003) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpg025 · Cited by 608
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hansen, N. B., Lambert, M. J., & Forman, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Brigham Young University (US)
- Drexel University (US)
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice
- Published
- 2002
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 329-343
- ISSN
- 0969-5893 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2850
- OpenAlex
- W2114544903
- Semantic Scholar
- 1968734f94d02eb6e4d193bdfdd42f5931ab250d
- Cited by
- 783
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 15.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Science and Practice (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- number of treatment sessions, treatment outcomes, naturalistic data, psychotherapy utilization
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