The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Solution structure and basis for functional activity of stromal cell‐derived factor‐1; dissociation of CXCR4 activation from binding and inhibition of HIV‐1
Open accessAbstract
The three-dimensional structure of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) was determined by NMR spectroscopy. SDF-1 is a monomer with a disordered N-terminal region (residues 1-8), and differs from other chemokines in the packing of the hydrophobic core and surface charge distribution. Results with analogs showed that the N-terminal eight residues formed an important receptor binding site; however, only Lys-1 and Pro-2 were directly involved in receptor activation. Modification to Lys-1 and/or Pro-2 resulted in loss of activity, but generated potent SDF-1 antagonists. Residues 12-17 of the loop region, which we term the RFFESH motif, unlike the N-terminal region, were well defined in the SDF-1 structure. The RFFESH formed a receptor binding site, which we propose to be an important initial docking site of SDF-1 with its receptor. The ability of the SDF-1 analogs to block HIV-1 entry via CXCR4, which is a HIV-1 coreceptor for the virus in addition to being the receptor for SDF-1, correlated with their affinity for CXCR4. Activation of the receptor is not required for HIV-1 inhibition.
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“The protein product of CCL11 resulting from differential signal peptide cleavage is predicted to retain additional amino-acid residues at its N terminus, a key region specifying binding and activity of chemokines.44”
From Whole-genome sequencing suggests a chemokine gene cluster that modifies age at onset in familial Alzheimer's disease (2015) · cites this paper as [44]
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Chemokines and leukocyte traffic
Baggiolini, M. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/33340 · Cited by 2,711
“Potent CXCR4 antagonists were obtained by modification of the first two lN-terminal residues of SDF-1”
MethodSelf-citationChemokine receptors as HIV-1 coreceptors: roles in viral entry, tropism, and disease
Berger, E. A., Murphy, P. M., & Farber, J. M. (1999) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.657 · Cited by 2,180
Structures of the CXCR4 Chemokine GPCR with Small-Molecule and Cyclic Peptide Antagonists
Wu, B., Chien, E. Y. T., Mol, C. D., Fenalti, G., Liu, W., Katritch, V., Abagyan, R. A., Brooun, A., Wells, P. G., Bi, F. C., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1194396 · Cited by 1,832
Mechanisms of Viral Membrane Fusion and Its Inhibition
Eckert, D. M., & Kim, P. S. (2001) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.777 · Cited by 1,283
The Chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 Binds to and Signals through the Orphan Receptor RDC1 in T Lymphocytes
Balabanian, K., Lagane, B., Infantino, S., Chow, K. Y. C., Harriague, J., Moepps, B., Arenzana‐Seisdedos, F., Thelen, M., & Bachelerie, F. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m508234200 · Cited by 1,040
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Metadata
- Authors
- Crump, M. P., Gong, J., Loetscher, P., Rajarathnam, K., Amara, A., Arenzana‐Seisdedos, F., Virelizier, J., Baggiolini, M., Sykes, B. D., & Clark‐Lewis, I.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Institut Pasteur (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Sykes, Brian D.
- Clark‐Lewis, Ian
- Venue
- The EMBO Journal
- Published
- 1997-12-01
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 6996-7007
- ISSN
- 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2075
- PMC
- PMC1170303
- OpenAlex
- W1964083898
- Cited by
- 731
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 10.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council Canada
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Chemokine receptors and signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Keywords
- CXCL12, chemokine structure, N-terminal disordered region, receptor binding sites, CXCR4, HIV-1 coreceptor, HIV-1 entry inhibition, receptor activation, chemokine antagonists
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Binding Sites, Models, Biological, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Structure-Activity Relationship, Virus Replication, HIV-1, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Chemokines, Anti-HIV Agents, Receptors, CXCR4, Chemokines, CXC, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Chemokine CXCL12
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