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Unintentional Weight Loss Predicts Decline in Activities of Daily Living Function and Life-Space Mobility Over 4 Years Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The relationship between body mass index (BMI), weight loss, and changes in activities of daily living (ADL) function and mobility in older adults is not clear. We sought to study the relationship between BMI and weight loss on the rate of decline in ADL function and life-space mobility over a 4-year period among older African Americans and whites. METHODS: The participants were 983 enrollees in the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Study of Aging, a longitudinal study of mobility among community-dwelling older adults stratified to achieve a balanced sample in terms of sex, race, and residence. Primary outcome measures were changes in ADL function and mobility assessed by the UAB Study of Aging Life-Space Assessment (LSA) which were measured every 6 months. RESULTS: Relative to normal weight participants, those with BMI levels in the obese range did not show more rapid ADL functional decline, but a history of unintentional weight loss predicted more rapid decline. Relative to normal-weight participants, other BMI categories were not associated with more rapid decline in LSA scores. However, unintentional weight loss predicted more rapid declines in LSA. Intentional weight loss had no relation to ADL function or LSA decline. CONCLUSIONS: In this population of community-dwelling older African Americans and whites, neither BMI nor intentional weight loss had an association with rate of functional decline. Unintentional weight loss had a negative relation with rate of functional decline, regardless of baseline BMI. Whether this is causal remains to be determined.
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“In older people weight loss occurs at the expense of muscle mass (78) and is associated with impaired physical function (79).”
From ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics (2022) · cites this paper as [79]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ritchie, C. S., Locher, J. L., Roth, D. L., McVie, T., Sawyer, P., & Allman, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ritchie, C. S.
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-01-01
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 67-75
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- OpenAlex
- W2153993473
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG015062, R01AG15062)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Keywords
- unintentional weight loss, activities of daily living, functional decline, life-space mobility, body mass index, intentional weight loss, older adults, community-dwelling older adults, African Americans, racial differences
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Black or African American, Female, Humans, Locomotion, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, White People, Mobility Limitation
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