The longitudinal relationship between the use of long-term care and depressive symptoms in older adults
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to estimate the longitudinal relationship between transitions in the use of long-term care and older adults' depressive symptoms and to investigate whether this relationship could be explained by markers of older adults' underlying health, or other variables including demographics, personality, and partner status. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, which consists of a random, community-based sample of 3,107 older Dutch people (55-85 years of age) stratified by age and gender. The use of informal care, professional home care, and institutional care was recorded, and respondents were screened on depressive symptoms. Follow-up measurements took place at 3 and 6 years. RESULTS: Longitudinal analyses showed significant associations between the enduring use of professional long-term care and an increase in depressive symptoms. Transitions to professional home care or institutional care were also associated with considerably more depressive symptoms after 3 years, whereas transitions from professional home care or institutional care to no care or informal care only were not associated with a change in depressive symptoms. Most of the associations remained significant after indicators of underlying health and other covariates were adjusted for, and also after the data were reanalyzed for respondents with and without functional limitations. IMPLICATIONS: This study does not involve a controlled experiment of professional long-term care among older adults. However, the findings suggest the possibility that receiving professional long-term care could introduce new stressors and increase the risk of depressive symptoms. Our analyses illuminate the concerns of elders regarding their use of professional long-term care and may help in planning for more effective delivery of this type of care.
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Residing in long-term care is significantly associated with increased depressive symptoms even after controlling for established risk factors.
“However, there is a significant association between residing in LTC and increased depressive symptoms, even when controlling for these risk factors (Anstey 2007;Pot 2005).”
From Psychological therapies for depression in older adults residing in long-term care settings (2024) · cites this paper as Pot 2005
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References 52 · Cited by 38
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- Deeg, D. J. H., Knipscheer, C. P. M., & Tilburg, W. van (Eds.). (1993). Autonomy and well-being in the aging population: Concepts and design of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (NIG Trend Studies No. 7). Bunnik, the Netherlands: Netherlands Institute of Gerontology.
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- Lewinsohn, P. M., & Arconad, C. S. (1981). Behavioral treatment of depression. A social learning approach. In J. F. Clarkin & H. J. Glazer (Eds.), Depression. Behavioral and directive intervention strategies (pp. 33-67). New York: Garland.
- Lyons, K. S., & Zarit, S. H. (1999). Formal and informal support: The great divide. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 183-196.
- Townsend, A. L. (1993). Methodological issues confronting research on service use among caregiving families. In S. H. Zarit, L. I. Pearlin, & K.W. Schaie (Eds.), Caregiving systems. Formal and informal helpers. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Zarit, S. H., Gaugler, J. E., & Jarrott, S. E. (1999). Useful services for families: Research findings and directions. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 165-181.
- Authors
- Pot, A. M., Deeg, D. J. H., Twisk, J. W. R., Beekman, A. T. F., & Zarit, S. H.
- Affiliations
- Trimbos Institute (NL)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pot, A. M.
- Venue
- The Gerontologist
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-06-01
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 359-369
- ISSN
- 0016-9013 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-5341
- OpenAlex
- W2147415952
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Gerontologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues
- Keywords
- long-term care, depressive symptoms, older adults, institutional care, informal care, functional limitations, caregiver stress, Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Depression, Female, Home Care Services, Homes for the Aged, Humans, Long-Term Care, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged
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