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A critical appraisal of the draw and write technique
Abstract
The draw and write technique is increasingly popular in health education research with children. It is generally employed in the setting of the school classroom and is promoted as a 'bottom-up' approach which enhances participation by children. In this paper we critically appraise the use of this method. Against the background of a consideration of carrying out qualitative health promotion research with children we examine the origins and use of children's drawings in a number of disciplines and practice environments. We argue that, although the draw and write technique has made an important contribution to health education research, it fails to reflect the processes involved in the construction and collection of such data. A range of methodological, analytical and ethical issues are raised. We conclude that health education research with children must involve taking children seriously as social actors and query the assumption that drawing enables children to communicate their thought any more than does conversational language. We suggest that the development of research should be premised upon an appreciation of the social context and the world of the child.
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When drawing is used as a research method, it often entails participants' drawing and talking or drawing and writing about the meaning embedded in their drawing.
“When drawing is used as a research method, it often entails participants' drawing and talking or drawing and writing (Backett-Milburn & McKie, 1999; Guillemin, 2004; MacGregor et al., 1998; Mair & Kierans, 2007) about the meaning embedded in their drawing.”
From Drawings as Research Method (2011) · cites this paper as Backett-Milburn & McKie, 1999
For a number of decades, psychologists and researchers have engaged children and adults in draw-and-write or draw-and-talk techniques that have facilitated rich exploration of children's and adults' reflections, perceptions, and views on multiple topics and phenomena.
“For a number of decades-possibly from as early as 1935 (MacGregor, Currie, & Wetton, 1998)-psychologists and researchers have engaged children and adults in activities using varied forms of a 'draw-and-write' or 'draw-and-talk' technique that have facilitated the rich exploration of children's and adults' reflections, perceptions, and views on multiple topics and phenomena”
From Drawings as Research Method (2011) · cites this paper as Backett-Milburn & McKie, 1999
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research with children: methodological issues and innovative techniques
Fargas-Malet, M., McSherry, D., Larkin, E., & Robinson, C. (2010) · Journal of Early Childhood Research · doi:10.1177/1476718x09345412 · Cited by 520
Hunleth, J. (2011) · Childhood · doi:10.1177/0907568210371234 · Cited by 189
Mitchell, C., Theron, L., Stuart, J., Smith, A., & Campbell, Z. (2011) · Picturing Research · doi:10.1007/978-94-6091-596-3_2 · Cited by 193
Metadata
- Authors
- Backett-Milburn, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Backett-Milburn, K.
- Venue
- Health Education Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1999-06-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 387-398
- ISSN
- 0268-1153 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-3648
- OpenAlex
- W2131150644
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 11.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Health Education Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Government of the United Kingdom
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Participatory Visual Research Methods
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Children's Rights and Participation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Keywords
- children's drawings, children's participation, children as social actors, research ethics with children, data collection methods, school-based research
- MeSH terms
- Child, Health Education, Humans
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