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The dynamics of rapid sperm transport through the female genital tract, evidence from vaginal sonography of uterine peristalsis and hysterosalpingoscintigraphy
Abstract
Vaginal ultrasonography of uterine peristalsis during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle demonstrates an increasing frequency and intensity of subendometrial and myometrial peristaltic waves as the follicular phase progresses. During this time the numbers of contraction waves with a fundo-cervical direction decrease considerably in favour of waves of contraction with a cervico-fundal direction. There is evidence that rapid sperm transport through the female genital tract is passive and is provided by these uterine contractions. Using hysterosalpingoscintigraphy, rapid sperm transport was studied by placing technetium-labelled albumin macrospheres of sperm size at the external os of the uterine cervix and following their path through the female genital tract. Ascension of the macrospheres occurred immediately following deposition at the external os of the cervix. As early as 1 min thereafter, the macrospheres had reached the intramural and isthmical part of the tube. Quantitatively, the extent of ascension increased with progression of the follicular phase. While only a few macrospheres entered the uterine cavity and even fewer the tubes during the early follicular phase, the proportion of macrospheres that entered the uterine cavity increased dramatically during the mid-follicular phase despite continuing limited entry into the tube. During the late follicular phase there was considerable ascension of the macrospheres which was directed preferentially into the tube ipsilateral to the dominant follicle. These data indicate that rapid transport of the spermatozoa through the female genital tract is under the endocrine control of the dominant follicle, ensuring the preferential accumulation of spermatozoa at the site of fertilization.
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“In a nutshell, they showed that uterine peristalsis is critical for sperm transport, and women with endometriosis exhibit hyperperistalsis and dysperistalsis [38,39,40,41].”
From The Pathogenesis of Adenomyosis vis-à-vis Endometriosis (2020) · cites this paper as [39]
In the citing paper
“It became evident that the non-pregnant uterus is constantly active throughout the reproductive period of life and thereby, like other mechanically active organs of the body such as the skeletal and the cardiovascular systems, respectively, rather inevitably subjected to mechanical strain.”
From The pathophysiology of endometriosis and adenomyosis, tissue injury and repair (2009) · cites this paper as [15]
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“The dynamics of rapid sperm transport through the female genital tract was demonstrated by Kunz et al.(37) Using the technique of hysterosalpingoscintigraphy and vaginal sonography, they studied rapid sperm transport by placing technetium-labelled albumin macrospheres of sperm size at the external os of the uterine ce…”
MethodInfluentialCharacterization of rheotaxis of bull sperm using microfluidics
El-Sherry, T. M., Elsayed, M., Hafez, H. K. A., & Abdelgawad, M. O. (2014) · Integrative Biology · doi:10.1039/c4ib00196f · Cited by 61
Contraceptive Efficacy of a Novel Spermicidal Microbicide Used With a Diaphragm
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“Uterine peristalsis has been evaluated based on US (Abramowicz and Archer, 1990; Kunz et al., 1996; Eytan et al., 2001b; Nakai et al., 2004), MRI (Kataoka et al.”
MethodKissler, S., Hamscho, N., Zangos, S., Gätje, R., Müller, A., Rody, A., Döbert, N., Menzel, C., Grünwald, F., Siebzehnrübl, E., et al. (2005) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00676.x · Cited by 57
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MethodInfluentialPredicting fertility from sperm motility landscapes
Fernández-López, P., Garriga, J., Casas, I., Yeste, M., & Bartumeus, F. (2022) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03954-0 · Cited by 57
“There are evidence that sperm transport along the female tract is aided by contractions of the myometrium 51 – 53 .”
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Optimizing natural fertility: a committee opinion
(2013) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.011 · Cited by 55
“Studies in which labeled particles were placed in the posterior vaginal fornix at varying times of the cycle observed their transport into the fallopian tubes within as little as 2 minutes during the follicular phase (40).”
BackgroundStructure, Function, and Evaluation of the Female Reproductive Tract
Lessey, B. A., & Young, S. L. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-47912-7.00009-3 · Cited by 60
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Killick, S. R. (2007) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60693-1 · Cited by 52
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BackgroundChung, C. H. S., Wong, A. W. Y., Chan, C. P. S., Saravelos, S. H., Kong, G. W. S., Cheung, L. P., Chung, J. P. W., & Li, T. C. (2016) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.12.011 · Cited by 52
“This is believed to facilitate an effective upward migration of sperm to fallopian tubes (Abramowicz and Archer, 1990; Kunz et al., 1996).”
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Bulletti, C., DeZiegler, D., Stefanetti, M., Cincinelli, E., Pelosi, E., & Flamigni, C. (2001) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/16.12.2676 · Cited by 50
Comparison of Uterine Peristalsis Before and After Uterine Artery Embolization at 3-T MRI
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Mehasseb, M. K., Bell, S. C., Brown, L. J. R., Pringle, J. H., & Habiba, M. A. (2010) · Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation · doi:10.1159/000318205 · Cited by 50
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Bovine Sperm Sexing Alters Sperm Morphokinetics and Subsequent Early Embryonic Development
Steele, H., Makri, D., Maalouf, W. E., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63077-6 · Cited by 50
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Self-citationVelocity of endometrial wavelike activity in spontaneous cycles
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(2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.122 · Cited by 47
Kissler, S., Siebzehnruebl, E., Kohl, J., Müeller, A., Hamscho, N., Gaetje, R., Ahr, A., Rody, A., & Kaufmann, M. (2004) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0001-6349.2004.00412.x · Cited by 49
“(8) reported for the first time a direct relationship between the increase in the frequency of uterine contractions assessed by transvaginal ultrasound and the percentage of ipsilateral transport of sperm-like material by HSSG.”
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“The periovulatory cervicofundic peristalsis has been described as ‘rapid sperm transport’ to the side bearing the dominant follicle, which is a precondition for successful reproduction in humans (Kissler et al., 1995, 2004b; Kunz et al., 1996; Wildt et al., 1998).”
BackgroundSexual Arousal—Its Physiological Roles in Human Reproduction
Levin, R. J. (2005) · Annual Review of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/10532528.2005.10559832 · Cited by 46
Microfluidic devices for the study of sperm migration
Suárez, S. S., & Wu, M. (2016) · Molecular Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/molehr/gaw039 · Cited by 46
“Deposition of technetium radiolabelled spheres of albumin in the cranial vagina led within minutes to detection of radioactivity in the oviduct ipsilateral to the ovulating follicle (Kunz et al., 1996).”
BackgroundVaginal distribution of Replens® and K-Y® Jelly using three imaging techniques
Mauck, C. K., Katz, D. F., Sandefer, E. P., Nasution, M. D., Henderson, M., Digenis, G. A., Su, I. H., Page, R., & Barnhart, K. T. (2008) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.11.016 · Cited by 43
“MRI has demonstrated migration of gel into the endocervix [22,24], and ultrasonography has demonstrated uptake of a sonographic contrast agent from the vagina into the uterus [28].”
BackgroundRelationship between the fertile period and sperm transport in the bitch
England, G., Burgess, C. M., Freeman, S. L., et al. (2006) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.01.025 · Cited by 43
“Also, myometrial contractions are involved in passive transport, and sperm may be found within the uterine tube shortly after mating [5,6].”
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Chapron, C., Borghese, B., Streuli, I., & de Ziegler, D. (2011) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2011.07.006 · Cited by 41
Oxytocin – a stimulator of directed sperm transport in humans
Kunz, G., Beil, D., Huppert, P. E., & LEYENDECKER, G. (2007) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60761-4 · Cited by 42
“Study 2: Hysterosalpingoscintigraphy with oxytocin (OT-HSSG) Between 1994 and 1996, hysterosalpingoscintigraphy (HSSG) was performed in nine women with an oxytocin bolus injection during the early and mid-follicular phases of the regular cycles according to the methods described (Kunz et al., 1996).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationOvary and Ovulation: Contralateral selection of dominant follicle favours pre-embryo development
Fukuda, M., Fukuda, K., Andersen, C. Y., et al. (1996) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019524 · Cited by 42
Medina-Laver, Y., Rodríguez-Varela, C., Salsano, S., Labarta, E., & Domı́nguez, F. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222011278 · Cited by 41
Uterine Contractility Evaluated on Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Togashi, K. (2007) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1389.030 · Cited by 39
Ultrasound evaluation of the uterine zonal anatomy during in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
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Elastin distribution in the myometrial and vascular smooth muscle of the human uterus
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“Some authors have suggested that this increase in contractility of the inner myometrium before ovulation is involved in sperm migration [45, 46].”
BackgroundSperm in the Mammalian Female Reproductive Tract: Surfing Through the Tract to Try to Beat the Odds
Miller, D. J. (2023) · Annual Review of Animal Biosciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-040629 · Cited by 38
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Archimetrosis: the evolution of a disease and its extant presentation
LEYENDECKER, G., Wildt, L., Laschke, M. W., & Mall, G. (2022) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-022-06597-y · Cited by 38
“In women with endometriosis/adenomyosis (archimetrosis), the mean number of contraction waves is doubled and the intrauterine pressure is increased [1, 8, 83].”
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“Exposure of FTEC Poly(I:C) Upregulates TLR2, 3, and 7 Epithelial cells of the FRT often encounter multiple pathogens simultaneously which in turn frequently results in co-infections.”
BackgroundInfluentialHuman sperm function in co-culture with human, macaque or bovine oviduct epithelial cell monolayers
Ellington, J. E., Jones, A., Davitt, C., et al. (1998) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/13.10.2797 · Cited by 37
“In addition to improving sperm function, in-vivo studies in women also suggest that the oviductal environment may be important in the formation of a pre-fertilization sperm reservoir (Mansouret al., 1993; Williamset al., 1993; Kunz et al., 1996).”
BackgroundSubmucous and outer myometrium leiomyomas are two distinct clinical entities
Brosens, J. J., Campo, R., Gordts, S., & Brosens, I. A. (2003) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(03)00346-7 · Cited by 37
Transport, Distribution and Elimination of Mammalian Sperm Following Natural Mating and Insemination
Kölle, S. (2015) · Reproduction in Domestic Animals · doi:10.1111/rda.12576 · Cited by 36
In vitro modelling of the physiological and diseased female reproductive system
Stejskalová, A., Vankelecom, H. E. J., Sourouni, M., Ho, M. Y., Götte, M., & Almquist, B. D. (2021) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.032 · Cited by 36
Abnormal Uterine Contractility in Nonpregnant Women
Bulletti, C., de Ziegler, D., Rossi, S., POLLI, V., MASSONEAU, M., Rossi, E., Albonetti, A., Negrini, V., & Flamigni, C. (1997) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48543.x · Cited by 35
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Control and function of uterine peristalsis during the human luteal phase
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“The reanalysis of the VSUP during the follicular phases of the menstrual cycles of healthy women and of women with endometriosis confi rmed the previously published results (Kunz et al., 1996, 1997; Leyendecker et al., 1996).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationPuttemans, P., Campo, R., Gordts, S., et al. (2000) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/15.7.1427 · Cited by 34
Contraceptive testing of vaginal agents in rabbits
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Nanoparticle Incorporation of Melittin Reduces Sperm and Vaginal Epithelium Cytotoxicity
Jallouk, A. P., Moley, K. H., Omurtag, K., Hu, G., Lanza, G. M., Wickline, S. A., & Hood, J. L. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095411 · Cited by 33
“This incubation time was chosen based on previous reports indicating that sperm leave the vagina within minutes of deposition and are found throughout the female reproductive tract 30 minutes after insemination [15,16].”
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Physiology of Sperm Maturation and Fertilization
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How Do Sperm Get to the Egg? Bioengineering Expertise Needed!
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“Ultrasonography of the human uterus has revealed cranially directed waves of uterine smooth muscle contractions that increase in intensity through the follicular phase until the time of ovulation [18, 19].”
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Hussey, G. S., Crane‐Godreau, M. A., Lyimo, M. A., & Wira, C. R. (2006) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2006.02353.x · Cited by 33
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Ultrasound assessment of the peri‐implantation uterus: a review
Abdallah, Y., Naji, O., Saso, S., Pexsters, A., Stalder, C. M., Sur, S. D., Raine‐Fenning, N., Timmerman, D., Brosens, J. J., & Bourne, T. (2011) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.10098 · Cited by 34
Implantation markers and endometriosis
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Drug delivery strategies for management of women’s health issues in the upper genital tract
Patel, S. K., Valicherla, G. R., Micklo, A. C., & Rohan, L. C. (2021) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.113955 · Cited by 32
Perineal Use of Talcum Powder and Endometrial Cancer Risk
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“Some data showed this journey to be influenced by female endocrinology (Kunz et al., 1996), and sperm selection in natural conception was recently reviewed by Sakkas et al.”
BackgroundEndocrine Regulation of the Mucosal Immune System in the Female Reproductive Tract
Wira, C. R., Rodríguez‐García, M., Patel, M. V., et al. (2015) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00110-5 · Cited by 31
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Yao, X.-D., Fernandez, S., Kelly, M. M., Kaushic, C., & Rosenthal, K. L. (2007) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jri.2007.04.008 · Cited by 30
Uterine Morphology and Peristalsis in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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Louissaint, N. A., Fuchs, E. J., Bakshi, R. P., Nimmagadda, S., Du, Y., Macura, K. J., King, K. E., Wahl, R. L., Goldsmith, A. J., Caffo, B. S., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jir841 · Cited by 29
“It was anticipated that the signal associated with our HIV surrogates would be detected in the uterine cavity, based on findings of previous studies using Tc-labeled human albumin microspheres (reported to be similar in size to spermatozoa) that showed radiolabel distribution in the uterus, fallopian tubes, and perito…”
MethodHamonic, G., Pasternak, J. A., & Wilson, H. L. (2018) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-017-2767-9 · Cited by 31
Characteristics of uterine peristalsis in spontaneous and induced cycles
Eytan, O., Halevi, I., Har-Toov, J., Wolman, I., Elad, D., & Jaffa, A. J. (2001) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01926-4 · Cited by 29
Zervomanolakis, I., Ott, H. W., Müller, J., Seeber, B. E., Friess, S. C., Mattle, V., Virgolini, I., Heute, D., & Wildt, L. (2009) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.02.012 · Cited by 28
“Ipsilateral transport, as first demonstrated by our group in 1992 [10] and confirmed in a number of later studies is a physiologically meaningful mechanism that guarantees a maximum number of spermatozoa at the site of fertilization and thus appears to be a reflection of the physiological function of the uterus and th…”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationDevelopment and Initial Psychometric Assessment of the Reasons for Pretending Orgasm Inventory
McCoy, M. G., Welling, L. L. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (2015) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/147470491501300108 · Cited by 28
“Female copulatory orgasm may facilitate an “upsuck” mechanism that decreases the amount of sperm lost in “flowback” (Baker and Bellis, 1995; Kunz, Beil, Deininger, Wildt, and Leyendecker, 1996; Wildt, Kissler, Licht, and Becker, 1998) by utilizing peristaltic muscular contractions in the uterus and oviducts (Kunz et a…”
BackgroundOestrus synchronisation and superovulation alter the cervicovaginal mucus proteome of the ewe
Maddison, J. W., Rickard, J. P., Bernecic, N. C., et al. (2017) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2017.01.007 · Cited by 28
Sammali, F., Kuijsters, N. P. M., Schoot, B. C., Mischi, M., & Rabotti, C. (2018) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719118768700 · Cited by 29
“In nonpregnant humans, uterine activity has been first explored by using invasive intrauterine pressure catheters,(7,10,31) magnetic resonance imaging,(5,32,33) and hysterosalpingoscintigraphy.(5) Unfortunately, these methods are unfeasible for routine use during IVF procedures and checkups because they are invasive,…”
BackgroundResultSensitivity of myometrium to CGRP varies during mouse estrous cycle and in response to progesterone
Naghashpour, M., & Dahl, G. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.2000.278.3.c561 · Cited by 28
“A similar but less-pronounced change occurs during the estrous and menstrual cycles (26, 38).”
BackgroundMozzanega, B., Gizzo, S., Gangi, S. D., Cosmi, E., & Nardelli, G. B. (2014) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719113519178 · Cited by 27
“Sperm, observed in the fallopian tube within minutes after insemination, can consequently fertilize the released ovum.(65) To understand the basis of the high efficacy of UPA, we will evaluate the endometrial effects of UPA.”
BackgroundSwierkowski-Blanchard, N., Boitrelle, F., Alter, L., Selva, J., Quibel, T., & Torre, A. (2017) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.02.002 · Cited by 27
The normal human myometrium has a vascular spatial gradient absent in small fibroids
Aitken, E., Khaund, A., Hamid, S. A., Millan, D. W. M., & Campbell, S. (2006) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/del220 · Cited by 27
“Magnetic resonance imaging and time-lapse ultrasound have been used to demonstrate a discontinuity within the myometrium (De Vries et al., 1990; Kunz et al., 1996; Scoutt et al., 2001; Lesny and Killick, 2004).”
MethodThe human periconceptional maternal-embryonic space in health and disease
Moreno, I., Capalbo, A., Mas, A., Garrido‐Gómez, T., Rosón, B., Poli, M., Dimitriadis, E., Santamaría, X., Vilella, F., & Simón, C. (2023) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00050.2021 · Cited by 32
Impairment of Uterine Contractility Is Associated with Unexplained Infertility
Hunt, S., Abdallah, K. S., Ng, E. H. Y., Rombauts, L. J. F., Vollenhoven, B. J., & Mol, B. W. (2020) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1716409 · Cited by 26
Mahdavinezhad, F., Gharaei, R., Farmani, A. R., Hashemi, F., Kouhestani, M., & Amidi, F. (2021) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43032-021-00520-7 · Cited by 27
“exist in uterine ultrasound whose intensity increases during the late follicular phase [64, 79].”
BackgroundAnatomie et physiologie de la sexualité
Cour, F., Droupy, S., Faix, A., Méthorst, C., & Giuliano, F. (2012) · The French Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.purol.2012.11.007 · Cited by 25
Potential seminal transport of pharmaceuticals to the conceptus
Scialli, A. R., Bailey, G. P., Beyer, B. K., et al. (2015) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.10.015 · Cited by 25
Kissler, S., Wildt, L., Schmiedehausen, K., Kohl, J., Mueller, A., Rody, A., Ahr, A., Kuwert, T., Kaufmann, M., & Siebzehnruebl, E. (2003) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2003.07.003 · Cited by 25
Self-citationIntrauterine devices and uterine peristalsis: evaluation with MRI
Kido, A., Togashi, K., Kataoka, M. L., Nakai, A., Koyama, T., & Fujii, S. (2007) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2007.06.001 · Cited by 25
Kido, A., Togashi, K., Hatayama, H., Nakayama, T., Yamamoto, A., Kataoka, M., & Tulandi, T. (2009) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/s1701-2163(16)34278-5 · Cited by 25
Retention and distribution of two 99mTc-DTPA labelled vaginal dosage forms
Chatterton, B. E., Penglis, S., Kovacs, J. C., Presnell, B., & Hunt, B. (2003) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.11.006 · Cited by 24
A critical review of talc and ovarian cancer
Goodman, J. E., Kerper, L. E., Prueitt, R. L., et al. (2020) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B · doi:10.1080/10937404.2020.1755402 · Cited by 23
“Kunz et al. (1996) also investigated particle transport in the female reproductive tract using radiolabeled albumen microspheres.”
MethodAkthar, I., Marey, M. A., Kim, Y., et al. (2021) · Reproduction Fertility and Development · doi:10.1071/rd21265 · Cited by 23
A semiautomated technique for evaluation of uterine peristalsis
Kido, A., Nishiura, M., Togashi, K., Nakai, A., Fujiwara, T., Kataoka, M. L., Koyama, T., Fujii, S., & Asada, N. (2005) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.20258 · Cited by 23
“If we consider that one of the important functions of the uterus in the periovulatory phase is sperm transport in the cervico-fundal direction, which has been shown using isotopes, it is natural for the uterus to have a peristaltic pump in the cervico-fundal direction in the periovulatory phase (3,24,25).”
MethodThe Effect of Female Orgasm Frequency on Female Mate Selection: A Test of Two Hypotheses
Nebl, P. J., & Gordon, A. K. (2022) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/14747049221083536 · Cited by 22
“Female orgasm may act to increase sperm retention (Kunz et al., 1996; Wildt et al., 1998).”
BackgroundHyperactivated stallion spermatozoa fail to exhibit a rheotaxis-like behaviour, unlike other species
Romero‐Aguirregomezcorta, J., Sugrue, E., Martínez-Fresneda, L., Newport, D. T., & Fair, S. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34973-9 · Cited by 22
Biomechanics of Early Life in the Female Reproductive Tract
Elad, D., Jaffa, A. J., & Grisaru, D. (2020) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00028.2019 · Cited by 21
Einspanier, A. (1998) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/4.5.634 · Cited by 22
de Carvalho, B. R., Barcelos, I. D. E. S., de Medeiros, S. F., Benetti‐Pinto, C. L., Yela, D. A., Nácul, A. P., Maciel, G. A. R., Soares, J. M., Silva, A. C. J. D. S. R. E., & Costa, L. O. B. F. (2019) · Revista Brasileira Ginecologia e Obstetrícia · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1677838 · Cited by 22
England, G., Rijsselaere, T., Campbell, A. J., et al. (2020) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.10.013 · Cited by 21
Polycystic ovary syndrome and the forgotten uterus
Hosseinzadeh, P., Barsky, M., Gibbons, W. E., & Blesson, C. S. (2020) · F&S Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.xfnr.2020.12.001 · Cited by 23
“Under normal conditions, uterine peristalsis is mostly active in the periovulatory period, with the dominant direction being cervicofundal, suggesting its role for sperm transportation (90, 91).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Kunz, G., Beil, D., Deininger, H., Wildt, L., & Leyendecker, G.
- Affiliations
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Leyendecker, G.
- Venue
- Human Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1996-03-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 627-632
- ISSN
- 0268-1161 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2350
- OpenAlex
- W2171953969
- Cited by
- 408
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 11.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Reproduction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- sperm transport, female reproductive tract, uterine peristalsis, follicular phase, follicle-stimulating hormone, dominant follicle, spermatozoa, vaginal ultrasonography
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Fallopian Tubes, Female, Follicular Phase, Humans, Male, Microspheres, Middle Aged, Radionuclide Imaging, Sperm Transport, Ultrasonography, Uterine Contraction, Uterus, Vagina
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