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Cohort Profile: The 1946 National Birth Cohort (MRC National Survey of Health and Development)
Abstract
The first of the British National Birth Cohort studies aimed to address two health and social policy questions of importance in the years before the establishment of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948. The first question, identified by the Royal Commission on Population, asked why the national fertility rate had been falling consistently since the middle of the 19th century. A proposed explanation was that the ‘medical and other costs associated with the birth of a baby may today be a serious deterrent to parenthood.’1 The second question asked ‘what was the national distribution and use of obstetric medical and midwifery services, and how far do they prevent premature and infant death, and promote the health of mothers and infants?’1 The study set up to address these questions was promoted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and the Population Investigation Committee, and funded by the Nuffield Foundation and the National Birthday Trust Fund for a data collection from all who delivered births that took place during March 3–9, 1946 throughout England, Wales, and Scotland.
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“Measures from non-fasting blood samples have been found to be indicators of CVD risk when the preferred fasting blood samples are unavailable in large observational studies (25,26) .”
From Irregularity of energy intake at meals: prospective associations with the metabolic syndrome in adults of the 1946 British birth cohort (2016) · cites this paper as [26]
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Douglas, J. W. B. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003387350-7 · Cited by 464
Kuh, D. J., Bassey, E. J., Butterworth, S., Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M. E. J., & and the Musculoskeletal Study Team (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.2.224 · Cited by 351
Self-citationKuh, D. J., Hardy, R., Langenberg, C., Richards, M., & Wadsworth, M. E. J. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7372.1076 · Cited by 249
Self-citationStatistical Issues in Life Course Epidemiology
Stavola, B. L. D., Nitsch, D., dos‐Santos‐Silva, I., McCormack, V., Hardy, R., Mann, V., Cole, T. J., Morton, S., & Leon, D. A. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj003 · Cited by 242
Self-citationWadsworth, M. E. J., Butterworth, S., Hardy, R., Kuh, D. J., Richards, M., Langenberg, C., Hilder, W. S., & Connor, M. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00083-2 · Cited by 224
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Kuh, D. J. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf099 · Cited by 180
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Bann, D. (2013) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
Norris, T., Hamer, M., Hardy, R., Li, L., Ong, K. K., Ploubidis, G. B., Viner, R., & Johnson, W. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14457101
Self-citationAdditional file 1 of Childhood growth and development and DNA methylation age in mid-life
Maddock, J., Castillo-Fernandez, J., Wong, A., Ploubidis, G. B., Kuh, D. J., Bell, J. T., & Hardy, R. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15139238
Self-citationAdditional file 1 of Genetic impacts on DNA methylation help elucidate regulatory genomic processes
Villicaña, S., Castillo-Fernandez, J., Hannon, E. J., Christiansen, C., Tsai, P.-C., Maddock, J., Kuh, D. J., Suderman, M. J., Power, C., Relton, C. L., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23812664
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Norris, T., Hamer, M., Hardy, R., Li, L., Ong, K. K., Ploubidis, G. B., Viner, R., & Johnson, W. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14457098
Self-citationAdditional file 7 of Genetic impacts on DNA methylation help elucidate regulatory genomic processes
Villicaña, S., Castillo-Fernandez, J., Hannon, E. J., Christiansen, C., Tsai, P.-C., Maddock, J., Kuh, D. J., Suderman, M. J., Power, C., Relton, C. L., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23812691
Self-citationFelici, C., Green, R., Warren‐Gash, C., Butt, J., Waterboer, T., Hughes, A. D., Chaturvedi, N., Keshavan, A., Coath, W., Schott, J. M., et al. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.03.04.26347593
Self-citationChildhood predictors of dementia and mortality: 78 year follow-up of the 1946 British Birth CohortPreprint
King‐Robson, J., Nicholas, J. M., James, S., Groves, J. W., Chaturvedi, N., Richards, M., & Schott, J. M. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.03.03.26347490
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Katsoulis, M., Narayanan, M. K., Dodgeon, B., Ploubidis, G. B., & Silverwood, R. J. (2026) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-026-02833-0
Estrogènes et pathologies neuropsychiatriques chez les femmes âgées
Ryan, J. L. (2010) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b3559bf2z9a55z4f80zb317zb0d042d05a5c
King‐Robson, J., Cartlidge, M. R. E., Soreq, E., Murray‐Smith, H., Harrison, M., Horrocks, S., Aimola, L., Poole, M., Ardle, R. M., Robinson, L., et al. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.05.22.26353861
Schmidt, A., Thompson, E. J., Richards, M., Strauss, C., Grey, N., & Gaysina, D. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291726104930
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Nolan, T., Davies, N. M., Harron, K. L., Islam, N., & Cook, S. (2026) · BMJ Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjmed-2026-003139
Saikhan, L. A., Chaturvedi, N., Ghosh, A. K., Hardy, R., & Hughes, A. D. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-113002
Self-citationCohort profile: the Swedish Evaluation Through Follow-up Study of Learning Later in Life (UGU-LIFE)
Hansson, I., Berg, A. I., Bjälkebring, P., Buratti, S., Burén, J., Hassing, L. B., Jonsson, A., Jönsson, L., Lindwall, M., Segerberg, A., et al. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2026-125059
FAIRsharing record for: CLOSER Discovery
FAIRsharing Team, Lister, A., & Johnson, J. (2018) · FAIRsharing.org · doi:10.25504/fairsharing.l9uwam
Metadata
- Authors
- Wadsworth, M., Kuh, D., Richards, M., & Hardy, R.
- Affiliations
- The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wadsworth, Michael
- Venue
- International Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-10-04
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-54
- ISSN
- 0300-5771 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3685
- OpenAlex
- W2100152214
- Cited by
- 515
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 21.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- MRC National Survey of Health and Development, birth cohort, fertility decline, obstetric care, midwifery services, maternal and newborn health, preterm birth, infant mortality, National Health Service, health policy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Development, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Data Collection, Female, United Kingdom, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Cohort Studies, Sample Size
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