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An Epidemic of Hepatitis A Attributable to the Ingestion of Raw Clams in Shanghai, China
Abstract
An epidemic of hepatitis A in 1988 in Shanghai had an overall attack rate of 4083/100,000 population (292,301 cases). The epidemic curve showed three peaks in January and February. A case-control study of 1208 matched pairs supported that clams were the vehicle for the virus (summary odds ratio, 9.47; P less than .001). Analysis of subsets who had eaten clams indicated that only 3.5% with hepatitis A had cooked their clams compared with 18.1% without hepatitis A, and those with the disease consumed more clams. A historical cohort study indicated that approximately 31.7% of the population had eaten clams one or more times between 9 December 1987 and 3 January 1988. The estimated attack rates in those who had and had not eaten clams were 11.93% and 0.52%, respectively (relative risk, 22.94; attributable risk, 11.41%). The three peaks in the consumption curve correlated with those in the epidemic curve. Hepatitis A virus was demonstrated in clams taken from the Shanghai markets and from the catching area.
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Citations
Cited by
Bintsis, T., & Department of International Trade, T. O. W. M. (2017) · AIMS Microbiology · doi:10.3934/microbiol.2017.3.529 · Cited by 926
Cuthbert, J. A. (2001) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.14.1.38-58.2001 · Cited by 469
Food supply and food safety issues in China
Lam, H.-M., Remais, J., Fung, M.-C., Xu, L., & Sun, S. S.-M. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60776-x · Cited by 419
Infectious Outbreaks Associated with Bivalve Shellfish Consumption: A Worldwide Perspective
Potasman, I., Paz, A., & Odeh, M. (2002) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/342330 · Cited by 414
Shuval, H. (2003) · Journal of Water and Health · doi:10.2166/wh.2003.0007 · Cited by 307
Metadata
- Authors
- Halliday, M. L., Kang, L.-Y., Zhou, T.-K., Hu, M.-D., Pan, Q.-C., Fu, T.-Y., Huang, Y.-S., & Hu, S.-L.
- Venue
- Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1991-11-01
- Volume
- 164
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 852-859
- ISSN
- 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6613
- OpenAlex
- W2110113253
- Cited by
- 369
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 4.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: An Epidemic of Hepatitis A Attributable to the Ingestion of Raw Clams in Shanghai, China. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/infdis/164.5.852
- The paper
- Halliday, M. L., Kang, L.-Y., Zhou, T.-K., Hu, M.-D., Pan, Q.-C., Fu, T.-Y., Huang, Y.-S., & Hu, S.-L. (1991). An Epidemic of Hepatitis A Attributable to the Ingestion of Raw Clams in Shanghai, China. Journal of Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/164.5.852
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
