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Toxoplasma gondii Comprises Three Clonal Lineages: Correlation of Parasite Genotype with Human Disease
Abstract
The population genetic structure of Toxoplasma gondii was determined by multilocus restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis at 6 loci in 106 independent isolates from humans and animals. Phylogenetic and statistical analyses indicated a highly unusual population structure consisting of 3 widespread clonal lineages. Extensively mixed genotypes were only apparent in 4 strains, which indicated that, while not separate species, sexual recombination between the 3 lineages is exceedingly rare in natural populations. T. gondii is a major cause of subclinical human infection and an important opportunistic pathogen that causes severe disease in immunocompromised patients. While strains from all 3 lineages were isolated from humans, the majority of human toxoplasmosis cases were associated with strains of a type II genotype. The correlation of specific clonal lineages with human toxoplasmosis has important implications for development of vaccines, drug treatments, and diagnostic protocols.
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Cited by
Role of Microglia in Central Nervous System Infections
Rock, R. B., Gekker, G., Hu, S., Sheng, W. S., Cheeran, M., Lokensgard, J. R., & Peterson, P. K. (2004) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.17.4.942-964.2004 · Cited by 723
Genetic Divergence of Toxoplasma gondii Strains Associated with Ocular Toxoplasmosis, Brazil
Khan, A., Jordan, C., Muccioli, C., Vallochi, A. L., Rizzo, L. V., Belfort, R., Vitor, R. W. A., Silveira, C., & Sibley, L. D. (2006) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1206.060025 · Cited by 329
Self-citationAdvances in Toxoplasma gondii vaccines: current strategies and challenges for vaccine development
Chu, K.-B., & Quan, F.-S. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9050413 · Cited by 92
Toxoplasmosis vaccines: what we have and where to go?
Zhang, Y., Li, D., Lu, S., & Zheng, B. (2022) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-022-00563-0 · Cited by 77
Matta, S. K., Patten, K., Wang, Q., Kim, B.-H., MacMicking, J. D., & Sibley, L. D. (2018) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.01393-18 · Cited by 52
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Metadata
- Authors
- Howe, D. K., & Sibley, L. D.
- Venue
- Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1995-12-01
- Volume
- 172
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1561-1566
- ISSN
- 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6613
- OpenAlex
- W2146771667
- Cited by
- 1,445
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 12.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Howe, D. K., & Sibley, L. D. (1995). Toxoplasma gondii Comprises Three Clonal Lineages: Correlation of Parasite Genotype with Human Disease. Journal of Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/172.6.1561
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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