The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A fatal intoxication following the ingestion of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in an ayahuasca preparation.
Abstract
A case of a 25-year-old white male who was found dead the morning after consuming herbal extracts containing beta-carbolines and hallucinogenic tryptamines is presented. No anatomic cause of death was found at autopsy. Toxicologic analysis of the heart blood identified N,N-dimethyltryptamine (0.02 mg/L), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (1.88 mg/L), tetrahydroharmine (0.38 mg/L), harmaline (0.07 mg/L), and harmine (0.17 mg/L). All substances were extracted by a single-step n-butyl chloride extraction following alkalinization with borate buffer. Detection and quantitation was performed using liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. The medical examiner ruled that the cause of death was hallucinogenic amine intoxication, and the manner of death was undetermined.
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“Scientific sources mention only one fatal case of ayahuasca consumption (Sklerov et al., 2005).”
From The therapeutic potentials of Ayahuasca: possible effects against various diseases of civilization (2016) · cites this paper as Sklerov et al., 2005
Citations
Cites
Riba, J., Valle, M., Urbano, G., Yritia, M., Morte, A., & Barbanoj, M. J. (2003) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.103.049882 · Cited by 390
McKenna, D. J. (2004) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.03.002 · Cited by 321
Pharmacokinetics of Hoasca alkaloids in healthy humans
Callaway, J. C., McKenna, D. J., Grob, C. S., Brito, G. S., Raymon, L. P., Poland, R. E., Andrade, E. O., Andrade, E. O., & Mash, D. C. (1999) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00168-8 · Cited by 318
Riba, J., Rodríguez-Fornells, A., Urbano, G., Morte, A., Antonijoan, R., Montero, M., Callaway, J. C., & Barbanoj, M. J. (2001) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130000606 · Cited by 303
Mass spectral and GC data of drugs, poisons, pesticides, pollutants and their metabolites
Pfleger, K., Maurer, H., & Weber, A. A. (1992) · Cited by 261
Hallucinogens and dissociative agents naturally growing in the United States
Halpern, J. H. (2004) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.03.003 · Cited by 222
Callaway, J. C., Raymon, L. P., Hearn, W. L., McKenna, D. J., Grob, C. S., Brito, G. S., & Mash, D. C. (1996) · Journal of Analytical Toxicology · doi:10.1093/jat/20.6.492 · Cited by 160
Pharmahuasca: Human Pharmacology of Oral DMT Plus Harmine
Ott, J. (1999) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.1999.10471741 · Cited by 140
Callaway, J. C., & Grob, C. S. (1998) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.1998.10399712 · Cited by 137
LIPPKE, K. P., Schunack, W. G., Wenning, W., & Mueller, W. E. (1983) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm00358a008 · Cited by 125
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review
Araújo, A. M., Carvalho, F. D., Bastos, M. D. L., de Pinho, P. G., & Carvalho, M. C. (2015) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-015-1513-x · Cited by 292
“In fact, it has been reported that ingestion of high dose of 5-MeO-DMT in combination with a MAO inhibitor resulted in a fatality (Sklerov et al. 2005).”
BackgroundDesigner drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects
Luethi, D., & Liechti, M. E. (2020) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-020-02693-7 · Cited by 262
The therapeutic potentials of Ayahuasca: possible effects against various diseases of civilization
Frecska, E., Bokor, P., & Winkelman, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00035 · Cited by 242
“Scientific sources mention only one fatal case of ayahuasca consumption (Sklerov et al., 2005).”
BackgroundRisk assessment of ritual use of oral dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and harmala alkaloids.
Gable, R. S. (2007) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01652.x · Cited by 244
“The death of a 25-year-old male caused by amine intoxication [32] involved 5-MeO-DMT in addition to DMT and b-carboline.”
BackgroundRecreational Use, Analysis and Toxicity of Tryptamines
Tittarelli, R., Mannocchi, G., Pantano, F., & Romolo, F. S. (2014) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x13666141210222409 · Cited by 220
“Both screening methods [104-107] and confirmatory methods were developed for the detection of tryptamine derivatives which had clinical and forensic relevance [62, 85, 88, 90, 92, 96, 105, 106, 108-111], using the hyphenated chromatography (GC and LC) mass spectrometry approach.”
MethodInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Sklerov, J., Levine, B., Moore, K. A., King, T., & Fowler, D.
- Affiliations
- State of Maryland (US)
- Corresponding author
- Levine, Barry
- ORCID
- Fowler, David
- Venue
- Journal of Analytical Toxicology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-11-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 838-841
- ISSN
- 0146-4760 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-2403
- OpenAlex
- W2159917347
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Analytical Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Synthesis and bioactivity of alkaloids
- Keywords
- 5-MeO-DMT, ayahuasca, β-carbolines, tetrahydroharmine, harmaline, harmine, fatal poisoning, death investigation, postmortem toxicology
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Chromatography, Liquid, Humans, Male, Methoxydimethyltryptamines, Mass Spectrometry, Fatal Outcome, Banisteriopsis
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