The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Plasma Sex Steroid Hormone Levels and Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: A positive relationship has generally been observed between plasma estrogen levels and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, but most of these studies have been small and few have evaluated specific estrogen fractions (such as percent bioavailable estradiol). In addition, few studies have evaluated plasma androgen levels in relation to breast cancer risk, and their results have been inconsistent. We prospectively evaluated relationships between sex steroid hormone levels in plasma and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women by use of a case-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study. METHODS: Blood samples were collected during the period from 1989 through 1990. Among postmenopausal women not using hormone replacement therapy at blood collection (n = 11,169 women), 156 women were diagnosed with breast cancer after blood collection but before June 1, 1994. Two control subjects were selected per case subject and matched with respect to age, menopausal status, month and time of day of blood collection, and fasting status at the time of blood collection. RESULTS: From comparisons of highest and lowest (reference) quartiles, we observed statistically significant positive associations with risk of breast cancer for circulating levels of estradiol (multivariate relative risk [RR] = 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-3.46), estrone (multivariate RR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.05-3.65), estrone sulfate (multivariate RR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.23-4.12), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (multivariate RR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.11-4.17). We found no substantial associations with percent free or percent bioavailable estradiol, androstenedione, testosterone, or dehydroepiandrosterone. The positive relationships were substantially stronger among women with no previous hormone replacement therapy. CONCLUSION: Our data, in conjunction with past epidemiologic and animal studies, provide strong evidence for a causal relationship between postmenopausal estrogen levels and the risk of breast cancer.
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Cites
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Cited by
Cummings, S. R., Eckert, S., Krueger, K. A., Grady, D., Powles, T. J., Cauley, J. A., Norton, L., Nickelsen, T., Bjarnason, N. H., Morrow, M., et al. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.23.2189 · Cited by 1,872
Body mass index, serum sex hormones, and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women
Endogenous Hormones Breast Cancer Collaborative Group (2003) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djg022 · Cited by 1,093
An overview of triple-negative breast cancer
Kumar, P., & Aggarwal, R. (2016) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-015-3859-y · Cited by 771
Plottel, C. S., & Blaser, M. J. (2011) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2011.10.003 · Cited by 743
Yang, X. R., Chang-Claude, J., Goode, E. L., Couch, F. J., Nevanlinna, H., Milne, R. L., Gaudet, M., Schmidt, M. K., Broeks, A., Cox, A., et al. (2011) · JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djq526 · Cited by 691
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hankinson, S. E., Willett, W. C., Manson, J. E., Colditz, G. A., Hunter, D. J., Spiegelman, D., Barbieri, R. L., & Speizer, F. E.
- Venue
- JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1998-09-02
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 1292-1299
- ISSN
- 0027-8874 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2105
- OpenAlex
- W2122100237
- Cited by
- 687
- References
- 70
- FWCI
- 19.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Hankinson, S. E., Willett, W. C., Manson, J. E., Colditz, G. A., Hunter, D. J., Spiegelman, D., Barbieri, R. L., & Speizer, F. E. (1998). Plasma Sex Steroid Hormone Levels and Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/90.17.1292
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