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Short-Term Impact of Experience Corps(R) Participation on Children and Schools: Results From a Pilot Randomized Trial
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This article reports on the short-term impact of a school-based program using older adult volunteers and aimed at improved academic achievement and reduced disruptive classroom behavior in urban elementary school students. The Experience Corps Baltimore (Maryland) program places a critical mass of older adult volunteers, serving 15 hours or more per week, in public schools to perform meaningful and important roles to improve the educational outcomes of children and the health and well-being of the volunteers. This article reports on the preliminary impact of the program on children in grades K-3. A total of 1,194 children in grades K-3 from six urban elementary schools participated in this pilot trial. At follow-up, third grade children whose schools were randomly selected for the program had significantly higher scores on a standardized reading test than children in the control schools, and there was a nonsignificant trend for improvement in alphabet recognition and vocabulary ability among kindergarten children in the program. Office referrals for classroom misbehavior decreased by about half in the Experience Corps schools, but remained the same in the control schools. Teachers had somewhat more favorable attitudes toward senior volunteers as a result of having older volunteers in the classroom, although the difference between the intervention and control schools was not statistically significant. In this pilot trial, the Experience Corps program led to selective improvements in student reading/academic achievement and classroom behavior while not burdening the school staff.
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“A pilot randomized trial of this program in Baltimore demonstrated program-specific benefits in children’s academic achievement (18) and in the physical (17) and cognitive health (8) of senior volunteers.”
From Evidence for Neurocognitive Plasticity in At-Risk Older Adults: The Experience Corps Program (2009) · cites this paper as [17]
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BackgroundHealth outcomes of Experience Corps ® : A high-commitment volunteer program
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“While the Center for Disease Control’s Task Force on Community Preventive Services did not evaluate volunteer programs as an intentional physical activity intervention, four of the Task Force’s strong recommendations are reflected in volunteer programs like Experience Corps.”
BackgroundInfluentialKrzeczkowska, A., Spalding, D. M., McGeown, W. J., Gow, A. J., Carlson, M. C., & Brown, L. A. (2021) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101400 · Cited by 186
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“…the primary target for change is the academic achievement of elementary school children; and indeed, evaluations demonstrate that the children read better because of their involvement with EC (Gattis et al., 2010; Lee, Morrow-Howell, Jonson-Reid, McCrary, & Spitznagel, 2012; Rebok et al., 2004).”
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Self-citationCan the Wisdom of Aging be Activated and Make a Difference Societally?
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“This program was designed to capture the wisdom, maturity, and life experiences of older individuals to enhance the education of children in kindergarten through third grade (Rebok et al., 2004), while simultaneously serving as a health promotion model aimed at improving the cognitive and physical function of older ad…”
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“The roles are particularly suited for ‘‘natural helpers’’ from the community: supporting general literacy and math skills, library and computer laboratory use, and violence prevention through a conflict resolution intervention.(5,6,16,22) African Americans who volunteer are more likely to engage in youth mentoring.”
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“To our knowledge, the Experience Corps (EC) studies are the first and only published RCTs that demonstrated the physiological and mental benefits of volunteering among older adults (Fried et al., 2004; Glass et al., 2004; Rebok et al., 2004).”
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BackgroundRamsey, C. M., Parisi, J. M., Rebok, G. W., Gross, A. L., Tanner, E. K., Carlson, M. C., Seeman, T. E., Roth, D. L., & Spira, A. P. (2016) · Journal of Intergenerational Relationships · doi:10.1080/15350770.2016.1138274 · Cited by 6
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“Modeled on research on Experience Corps®, a school volunteer intervention implemented by older people in slum areas in the United States [9,10], REPRINTS® is a volunteer project developed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology in 2004 where older people read picture-books to young people.”
MethodKosiol, J., & Perna, G. D. (2023) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci12020096 · Cited by 3
Retirement and Postretirement Issues
Mak, B., & Woo, J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8354-1_4 · Cited by 3
The Costs of Experience Corps® in Public Schools
Frick, K. D., McGill, S., Tan, E. J., Rebok, G. W., Carson, M. C., Tanner, E. K., & Fried, L. P. (2012) · Educational Gerontology · doi:10.1080/03601277.2011.595311 · Cited by 3
Self-citationHigh School Students Take Classes in a Nursing Home
Coleman, P., & DeRosa, S. E. (2006) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/00000446-200612000-00020 · Cited by 3
Invisible Students Bridging the Widest Achievement GapPreprint
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Intergenerational Learning in Action
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Práticas intergeracionais e interdisciplinares na Educação. Um exemplo prático no Ensino Básico
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Bowman, F. (2013) · Seton Hall University eRepository (Seton Hall University) · Cited by 2
Intergenerational Programs and Generativity
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Fries, C. M. D., Hasche, L. K., & Cohen, R. B. (2025) · Journal of Community Practice · doi:10.1080/10705422.2025.2505420 · Cited by 1
“Studies demonstrate that youth with older adult mentors have improved academic performance (Rebok et al., 2004), better behavior in school (Rebok et al., 2004), positive changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors with respect to substance use (Momper et al., 2017), and improvements in related…”
Parental Involvement and Access: A Phenomenological Study of Urban High School Communities
Thompson, J. J. (2019) · Digital Commons - Gardner-Webb University (Gardner–Webb University) · Cited by 1
Rebok, G. W., Carlson, M. C., Frick, K. D., Giuriceo, K. D., Gruenewald, T. L., McGill, S., Parisi, J. M., Romani, W. A., Seeman, T. E., Tanner, E. K., et al. (2014) · Well Being · doi:10.1002/9781118539415.wbwell043 · Cited by 1
Self-citationSharp, D. (2004) · Journal of Heredity · doi:10.1093/jurban/jth078 · Cited by 1
Nowell, W. B. (2014) · Society for Social Work and Research 19th Annual Conference: The Social and Behavioral Importance of Increased Longevity · doi:10.7916/d8qv3jpw
Strong, R. (2010) · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries)
Developing the organizational competencies to promote American elders' civic engagement
Chen, H. (2017) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) · doi:10.7912/c2/1203
Testimony to the Corporation for National and Community Service
Gonzales, E. G. (2009) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k75m657g
“In fact, there is a growing body of literature that suggests involving older adults in education has positive effects on children’s learning outcomes (Rebok et al., 2004) and attitudes toward aging (Blieszner and Artale, 2001).”
BackgroundVolunteerism among Older Adults with Mobility-Limiting Disabilities: An Exploratory Study
Sellon, A. M. (2018) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)
Iliano, E., Cardon, G., & Latomme, J. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3604471/v1
Metadata
- Authors
- Rebok, G. W.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rebok, G. W.
- ORCID
- Rebok, G. W.
- Venue
- Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
- Published
- 2004-03-01
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 79-93
- ISSN
- 0022-1503 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-3460
- 1471-8505
- PMC
- PMC3456143
- OpenAlex
- W2012877507
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 15.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Heredity (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DigitalCommons@UNO (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Retirement Research Foundation
- Johns Hopkins University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Youth Development and Social Support
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Education › Service-Learning and Community Engagement
- Keywords
- Experience Corps, elderly volunteers, school programs, academic performance, reading achievement, classroom behavior, disruptive behavior, urban elementary schools, early childhood education, volunteer well-being, letter recognition, vocabulary
- MeSH terms
- Workforce, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child Behavior, Child Welfare, Educational Status, Faculty, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Pilot Projects, Schools, Social Support, Volunteers, Baltimore
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