The DOI matches its Crossref record; 179 of the 179 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Root responses to cadmium in the rhizosphere: a review
Open accessAbstract
This article reviews the responses of plant roots to elevated rhizosphere cadmium (Cd) concentrations. Cadmium enters plants from the soil solution. It traverses the root through symplasmic or apoplasmic pathways before entering the xylem and being translocated to the shoot. Leaf Cd concentrations in excess of 5-10 μg g(-1) dry matter are toxic to most plants, and plants have evolved mechanisms to limit Cd translocation to the shoot. Cadmium movement through the root symplasm is thought to be restricted by the production of phytochelatins and the sequestration of Cd-chelates in vacuoles. Apoplasmic movement of Cd to the xylem can be restricted by the development of the exodermis, endodermis, and other extracellular barriers. Increasing rhizosphere Cd concentrations increase Cd accumulation in the plant, especially in the root. The presence of Cd in the rhizosphere inhibits root elongation and influences root anatomy. Cadmium concentrations are greater in the root apoplasm than in the root symplasm, and tissue Cd concentrations decrease from peripheral to inner root tissues. This article reviews current knowledge of the proteins involved in the transport of Cd across root cell membranes and its detoxification through sequestration in root vacuoles. It describes the development of apoplastic barriers to Cd movement to the xylem and highlights recent experiments indicating that their maturation is accelerated by high Cd concentrations in their immediate locality. It concludes that accelerated maturation of the endodermis in response to local Cd availability is of functional significance in protecting the shoot from excessive Cd loads.
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Citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lux, A., Martinka, M., Vaculik, M., & White, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Comenius University Bratislava (SK)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Botany
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-09-20
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21-37
- ISSN
- 0022-0957 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2431
- OpenAlex
- W2098251663
- Cited by
- 1,100
- References
- 177
- Citations by year
- 2026: 74 · 2025: 72 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 91 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 111 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 2.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Botany (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Scottish Government
- Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja (COST-0004-06, SK-ZA-0007-07)
- Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV (1/0472/10)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
- Keywords
- cadmium, rhizosphere, root responses, cadmium translocation, symplasmic transport, phytochelatins, vacuolar sequestration, exodermis, endodermis, apoplastic barriers, root elongation, root anatomy, heavy metal detoxification, cadmium accumulation in roots
- MeSH terms
- Biological Transport, Cadmium, Plants, Plant Roots, Rhizosphere, Plant Development
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