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Is it possible to detect planets around young active G and K dwarfs?

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Jeffers, S. V., Barnes, J. R., Jones, H. R. A., Reiners, A., Pinfield, D. J., Marsden, S. C.·2014·Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
DOI 10.1093/mnras/stt1950
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Abstract

Theoretical predictions suggest that the distribution of planets in very young stars could be very different to that typically observed in Gyr old systems that are the current focus of radial velocity surveys. However, the detection of planets around young stars is hampered by the increased stellar activity associated with young stars, the signatures of which can bias the detection of planets. In this paper, we place realistic limitations on the possibilities for detecting planets around young active G and K dwarfs. The models of stellar activity based on tomographic imaging of the G dwarf HD 141943 and the K1 dwarf AB Dor also include contributions from plage and many small random starspots. Our results show that the increased stellar activity levels present on young solar-type stars strongly impacts the detection of Earth-mass and Jupiter-mass planets and that the degree of activity jitter is directly correlated with stellar v sin i. We also show that for G and K dwarfs, the distribution of activity in individual stars is more important than the differences in induced radial velocities as a function of spectral type. We conclude that Jupiter-mass planets can be detected close-in around fast-rotating young active stars, Neptune-mass planets around moderate rotators and that Super-Earths are only detectable around very slowly rotating stars. The effects of an increase in stellar activity jitter by observing younger stars can be compensated for by extending the observational base-line to at least 100 epochs.

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  • Velocity jitter due to plage and starspots could easily generate velocity variations at the tenths of km/s for a star rotating as fast as J1407.

    “A larger effect is the velocity jitter introduced due to plage and starspots, which could easily generate velocity variations at the tenths of km s -1 for a star rotating as fast as J1407 (e.g. Jeffers et al. 2014).”

    From Mass and period limits on the ringed companion transiting the young star J1407 (2015) · cites this paper as Jeffers et al. 2014

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

  • Mass and period limits on the ringed companion transiting the young star J1407

    Kenworthy, M. A., Lacour, S., Kraus, A., Triaud, A. H. M. J., Mamajek, E. E., Scott, E. L., Ségransan, D., Ireland, M., Hambsch, F.-J., Reichart, D. E., et al. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2067 · Cited by 36

    “A larger effect is the velocity jitter introduced due to plage and starspots, which could easily generate velocity variations at the tenths of km s−1 for a star rotating as fast as J1407 (e.g. Jeffers et al. 2014).”
    Background

Metadata

Authors
Jeffers, S. V., Barnes, J. R., Jones, H. R. A., Reiners, A., Pinfield, D. J., & Marsden, S. C.
Affiliations
  • University of Göttingen (DE)
  • University of Hertfordshire (GB)
  • University of Southern Queensland (AU)
Corresponding author
Jeffers, S. V.
ORCID
Venue
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2014-01-24
Volume
438
Issue
4
Pages
2717-2731
ISSN
  • 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2966
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stt1950
OpenAlex
W2107821603
Cited by
43
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 4
FWCI
3.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (publishedVersion)
  • University of Southern Queensland ePrints (University of Southern Queensland) (acceptedVersion)
  • University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) (acceptedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) (submittedVersion)
  • GRO (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB963, SFB 963/1, RE 1664/9-1)
  • Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/F007280/1, ST/G002622/1, ST/L000776/1, ST/L001403/1, ST/J001333/1)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › History and Developments in Astronomy
Keywords
G dwarfs, K dwarfs, planet detection, stellar spots, plage, stellar rotation, super-Earths, Earth-mass planets, Jupiter-mass planets, Neptune-mass planets, tomography

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