Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 478

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 90 of the 90 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The stellar mass assembly of galaxies in the Illustris simulation: growth by mergers and the spatial distribution of accreted stars

Open access
Rodriguez-Gomez, Vicente, Pillepich, Annalisa, Sales, Laura V., Genel, Shy, Vogelsberger, Mark, Zhu, Qirong, Wellons, Sarah, Nelson, Dylan, Torrey, Paul, Springel, Volker, Ma, Chung-Pei, Hernquist, Lars·2016·Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Abstract

We use the Illustris simulation to study the relative contributions of in situ star formation and stellar accretion to the build-up of galaxies over an unprecedentedly wide range of masses (M* = 109-1012 M⊙), galaxy types, environments, and assembly histories. We find that the ‘two-phase’ picture of galaxy formation predicted by some models is a good approximation only for the most massive galaxies in our simulation – namely, the stellar mass growth of galaxies below a few times 1011 M⊙ is dominated by in situ star formation at all redshifts. The fraction of the total stellar mass of galaxies at z = 0 contributed by accreted stars shows a strong dependence on galaxy stellar mass, ranging from about 10 per cent for Milky Way-sized galaxies to over 80 per cent for M* ≈ 1012 M⊙ objects, yet with a large galaxy-to-galaxy variation. At a fixed stellar mass, elliptical galaxies and those formed at the centres of younger haloes exhibit larger fractions of ex situ stars than disc-like galaxies and those formed in older haloes. On average, ∼50 per cent of the ex situ stellar mass comes from major mergers (stellar mass ratio μ > 1/4), ∼20 per cent from minor mergers (1/10 < μ < 1/4), ∼20 per cent from very minor mergers (μ < 1/10), and ∼10 per cent from stars that were stripped from surviving galaxies (e.g. flybys or ongoing mergers). These components are spatially segregated, with in situ stars dominating the innermost regions of galaxies, and ex situ stars being deposited at larger galactocentric distances in order of decreasing merger mass ratio.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/mnras/stw456

Cites

90 of 90 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 90 references

Cited by

See all 478

Metadata

Authors
Rodriguez-Gomez, V., Pillepich, A., Sales, L. V., Genel, S., Vogelsberger, M., Zhu, Q., Wellons, S., Nelson, D., Torrey, P., Springel, V., Ma, C.-P., & Hernquist, L.
Venue
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Published
2016-02-26
Volume
458
Issue
3
Pages
2371-2390
ISSN
  • 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2966
OpenAlex
W2185926565
Cited by
478
References
90
FWCI
28.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The stellar mass assembly of galaxies in the Illustris simulation: growth by mergers and the spatial distribution of accreted stars. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/mnras/stw456
The paper
Rodriguez-Gomez, V., Pillepich, A., Sales, L. V., Genel, S., Vogelsberger, M., Zhu, Q., Wellons, S., Nelson, D., Torrey, P., Springel, V., Ma, C.-P., & Hernquist, L. (2016). The stellar mass assembly of galaxies in the Illustris simulation: growth by mergers and the spatial distribution of accreted stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw456

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.