The DOI matches its Crossref record; 90 of the 90 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The stellar mass assembly of galaxies in the Illustris simulation: growth by mergers and the spatial distribution of accreted stars
Open accessAbstract
We use the Illustris simulation to study the relative contributions of in situ star formation and stellar accretion to the build-up of galaxies over an unprecedentedly wide range of masses (M* = 109-1012 M⊙), galaxy types, environments, and assembly histories. We find that the ‘two-phase’ picture of galaxy formation predicted by some models is a good approximation only for the most massive galaxies in our simulation – namely, the stellar mass growth of galaxies below a few times 1011 M⊙ is dominated by in situ star formation at all redshifts. The fraction of the total stellar mass of galaxies at z = 0 contributed by accreted stars shows a strong dependence on galaxy stellar mass, ranging from about 10 per cent for Milky Way-sized galaxies to over 80 per cent for M* ≈ 1012 M⊙ objects, yet with a large galaxy-to-galaxy variation. At a fixed stellar mass, elliptical galaxies and those formed at the centres of younger haloes exhibit larger fractions of ex situ stars than disc-like galaxies and those formed in older haloes. On average, ∼50 per cent of the ex situ stellar mass comes from major mergers (stellar mass ratio μ > 1/4), ∼20 per cent from minor mergers (1/10 < μ < 1/4), ∼20 per cent from very minor mergers (μ < 1/10), and ∼10 per cent from stars that were stripped from surviving galaxies (e.g. flybys or ongoing mergers). These components are spatially segregated, with in situ stars dominating the innermost regions of galaxies, and ex situ stars being deposited at larger galactocentric distances in order of decreasing merger mass ratio.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
<tt>emcee</tt>: The MCMC Hammer
Foreman-Mackey, D., Hogg, D. W., Lang, D., & Goodman, J. (2013) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/670067 · Cited by 12,414
NINE-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE ( WMAP ) OBSERVATIONS: COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETER RESULTS
Hinshaw, G., Larson, D., Komatsu, E., Spergel, D. N., Bennett, C. L., Dunkley, J., Nolta, M. R., Halpern, M., Hill, R. S., Odegard, N., et al. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/19 · Cited by 5,121
The evolution of large-scale structure in a universe dominated by cold dark matter
Davis, M., Efstathiou, G., Frenk, C. S., & White, S. D. M. (1985) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/163168 · Cited by 3,391
Populating a cluster of galaxies - I. Results at \fontshape{it}{z}=0
Springel, V., White, S. D. M., Tormen, G., & Kauffmann, G. (2001) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04912.x · Cited by 2,707
Self-citationNine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Parameter Results
WRIGHT, E. L. (2016) · NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) · doi:10.15781/t2st7f05x · Cited by 2,601
E pur si muove:Galilean-invariant cosmological hydrodynamical simulations on a moving mesh
Springel, V. (2010) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15715.x · Cited by 2,424
Self-citationHow do galaxies get their gas?
Kere, D., Katz, N., Weinberg, D. H., & Dave, R. (2005) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09451.x · Cited by 2,270
Vogelsberger, M., Genel, S., Springel, V., Torrey, P., Sijacki, D., Xu, D., Snyder, G., Nelson, D., & Hernquist, L. (2014) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1536 · Cited by 2,260
Self-citationTHE AVERAGE STAR FORMATION HISTORIES OF GALAXIES IN DARK MATTER HALOS FROM z = 0-8
Behroozi, P. S., Wechsler, R. H., & Conroy, C. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/770/1/57 · Cited by 2,167
Cold streams in early massive hot haloes as the main mode of galaxy formation
Dekel, A., Birnboim, Y., Engel, G., Freundlich, J., Goerdt, T., Mumcuoglu, M., Neistein, E., Pichon, C., Teyssier, R., & Zinger, E. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07648 · Cited by 1,718
Cited by
Theoretical Challenges in Galaxy Formation
Naab, T., & Ostriker, J. P. (2017) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081913-040019 · Cited by 722
Uncovering the birth of the Milky Way through accurate stellar ages with Gaia
Gallart, C., Bernard, E. J., Brook, C. B., Ruiz-Lara, T., Cassisi, S., Hill, V., & Monelli, M. (2019) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0829-5 · Cited by 262
Huang, S., Leauthaud, A., Greene, J. E., Bundy, K., Lin, Y.-T., Tanaka, M., Miyazaki, S., & Komiyama, Y. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx3200 · Cited by 113
Martin, G., Bazkiaei, A. E., Spavone, M., Iodice, E., Mihos, J. C., Montes, M., Benavides, J. A., Brough, S., Carlin, J. L., Collins, C. A., et al. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1003 · Cited by 76
Kado-Fong, E., Greene, J. E., Hendel, D., Price-Whelan, A. M., Greco, J. P., Goulding, A. D., Huang, S., Johnston, K. V., Komiyama, Y., Lee, C.-H., et al. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aae0f0 · Cited by 69
Metadata
- Authors
- Rodriguez-Gomez, V., Pillepich, A., Sales, L. V., Genel, S., Vogelsberger, M., Zhu, Q., Wellons, S., Nelson, D., Torrey, P., Springel, V., Ma, C.-P., & Hernquist, L.
- Venue
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-02-26
- Volume
- 458
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 2371-2390
- ISSN
- 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2966
- OpenAlex
- W2185926565
- Cited by
- 478
- References
- 90
- FWCI
- 28.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The stellar mass assembly of galaxies in the Illustris simulation: growth by mergers and the spatial distribution of accreted stars. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/mnras/stw456
- The paper
- Rodriguez-Gomez, V., Pillepich, A., Sales, L. V., Genel, S., Vogelsberger, M., Zhu, Q., Wellons, S., Nelson, D., Torrey, P., Springel, V., Ma, C.-P., & Hernquist, L. (2016). The stellar mass assembly of galaxies in the Illustris simulation: growth by mergers and the spatial distribution of accreted stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw456
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.