Summary: the modified nucleosides of RNA
Open accessAbstract
A comprehensive listing is made of posttranscriptionally modified nucleosides from RNA reported in the literature through mid-1994. Included are chemical structures, common names, symbols, Chemical Abstracts registry numbers (for ribonucleoside and corresponding base), Chemical Abstracts Index Name, phylogenetic sources, and initial literature citations for structural characterization or occurrence, and for chemical synthesis. The listing is categorized by type of RNA: tRNA, rRNA, mRNA, snRNA, and other RNAs. A total of 93 different modified nucleosides have been reported in RNA, with the largest number and greatest structural diversity in tRNA, 79; and 28 in rRNA, 12 in mRNA, 11 in snRNA and 3 in other small RNAs.
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The 28 modified bases common to archaebacteria and eubacteria include 19 methyl-, one acetyl-, five thio-, two methylthio-, one seleno-, two methylaminomethyl- and four carbamoyl-moieties.
“They include 19 methyl-, one acetyl-, five thio-, two methylthio-, one seleno-, two methylaminomethyl- and four carbamoyl-moieties [103].”
From Early bioenergetic evolution (2013) · cites this paper as [103]
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On the origin of biochemistry at an alkaline hydrothermal vent
Martin, W., & Russell, M. J. (2007) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1881 · Cited by 771 · see citing works
Thiol-linked alkylation for the metabolic sequencing of RNA
Herzog, V. A., Reichholf, B., Neumann, T., Rescheneder, P., Bhat, P., Burkard, T. R., Wlotzka, W., von Haeseler, A., Zuber, J., & Ameres, S. L. (2017) · doi:10.1101/177642 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Comparative genomics and evolution of proteins involved in RNA metabolism
Anantharaman, V. (2002) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/30.7.1427 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Stabilization of RNA stacking by pseudouridine
Davis, D. R. (1995) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/23.24.5020 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Sousa, F. L., Thiergart, T., Landan, G., Nelson-Sathi, S., Pereira, I. A. C., Allen, J. F., Lane, N., & Martin, W. F. (2013) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0088 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
“They include 19 methyl-, one acetyl-, five thio-, two methylthio-, one seleno-, two methylaminomethyl- and four carbamoyl-moieties [103].”
BackgroundAn integrated, structure- and energy-based view of the genetic code
Grosjean, H., & Westhof, E. (2016) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkw608 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Kumar, R. (1997) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/25.6.1272 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Role of Unsatisfied Hydrogen Bond Acceptors in RNA Energetics and Specificity
Siegfried, N. A., Kierzek, R., & Bevilacqua, P. C. (2010) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja9107726 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
- Authors
- Limbach, P. A., Crain, P. F., & McCloskey, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- Corresponding author
- McCloskey, James A.
- ORCID
- Limbach, Patrick A.
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1994
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2183-2196
- ISSN
- 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-4962
- PMC
- PMC523672
- OpenAlex
- W2162906563
- Cited by
- 523
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nucleic Acids Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01gm021584-26)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM029812, GM 21584, GM29812)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA modifications and cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Keywords
- post-transcriptional RNA modification, tRNA, ribosomal RNA, mRNA, small nuclear RNA, small RNA
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Nucleosides, RNA, RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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