Evidence for an early prokaryotic origin of histones H2A and H4 prior to the emergence of eukaryotes
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Histones have been identified recently in many prokaryotes. These histones, unlike their eukaryotic homologs, are of a single uniform type that is thought to resemble the archetypal ancestor of the eukaryotic histone family. In this paper we report the finding, the cloning and the phylogenetic analysis of the sequence of a prokaryotic histone from the hyperthermophile Methanopyrus kandleri . Unlike previously described prokaryotic histones, the Methanopyrus sequence has a novel structure consisting of two tandemly repeated histone fold motifs in a single polypeptide. Sequence analyses indicate that the N-terminal repeat is most closely related to eukaryotic H2A and H4 histones, whereas the C-terminal repeat resembles that found in prokaryotic histones. These results imply an early divergence within the histone gene family prior to the emergence of eukaryotes and may represent an evolutionary step leading to eukaryotic histones.
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Even in prokaryotes, there is evidence of histones H2A and H4 being responsible for the early emergence of a broad occurring structure in eukaryotes.
“For the case of histone modifications, even in prokaryotes, there is evidence of histones H2A and H4 being responsible for the early emergence of a broad occurring structure in eukaryotes [56].”
From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [56]
The Introduction reports that a prokaryotic histone in Methanopyrus kandleri has a domain closely related to eukaryotic H2A and H4 and may represent an evolutionary step toward eukaryotic histones. The Results and Discussion also suggest that elements of eukaryotic DNA packaging predated eukaryotes. The paper does not establish that H2A and H4 were responsible for the emergence of a widespread eukaryotic structure; its evolutionary conclusion is more cautious. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications
Meza-Menchaca, T., Albores-Medina, A., Heredia-Mendez, A. J., Ruíz-May, E., Ricaño-Rodríguez, J., Gallegos-García, V., Esquivel, A., Vettoretti-Maldonado, G., & Campos-Parra, A. D. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25147927 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Slesarev, A. I., Belova, G. I., Kozyavkin, S. A., & Lake, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RU)
- Fidelity Systems (United States) (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1998-01-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 427-430
- ISSN
- 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-4962
- PMC
- PMC147304
- OpenAlex
- W2163285037
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Nucleic Acids Research (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Keywords
- histones, histone H2A, histone H4, Methanopyrus kandleri, hyperthermophiles, histone fold, tandem repeats, histone evolution, eukaryotic origin, phylogenetic analysis
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Eukaryotic Cells, Histones, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Sequence Alignment, Evolution, Molecular, Euryarchaeota, DNA, Archaeal
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