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Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity has markedly increased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Studies on the impact of exercise focusing on obese CKD patients are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise performed either in an exercise centre or at home on visceral fat in overweight non-dialysed CKD patients. METHODS: Twenty-seven sedentary men (52.1 ± 9.5 years, body mass index 30.4 ± 3.8 kg/m(2), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 27.5 ± 11.6 mL/min) were randomly assigned to a centre-based exercise group (n = 10), home-based exercise group (n = 8) or control group (n = 9). The aerobic training was prescribed according to ventilatory threshold and performed three times per week during 12 weeks. Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and the distribution of abdominal fat by computed tomography. RESULTS: In the centre-based group, visceral fat and waist circumference decreased 6.4 ± 6.4 mm (P < 0.01) and 2.0 ± 2.3 cm (P = 0.03) and leg lean mass increased 0.5 ± 0.4 kg (P < 0.01). No significant changes were observed in the home-based group. Visceral fat increased 5.0 ± 4.4 mm in the control group (P = 0.01). In relation to the control, a group-by-time interaction was significant for visceral fat and waist circumference for both exercise groups and for leg lean mass for the centre-based group. Mean blood pressure decreased in both exercise groups (centre-based 13%, P < 0.01 and home-based 10%, P = 0.03) and eGFR increased 3.6 ± 4.6 mL/min (P = 0.03) in the centre-based group. These parameters remained unchanged in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Centre-based aerobic exercise is an effective approach to reduce visceral fat besides promoting relevant clinical benefits in male overweight CKD patients.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
In a 12-week randomized controlled trial of 27 sedentary overweight non-dialysed CKD men, centre-based aerobic exercise reduced visceral fat and waist circumference and increased leg lean mass, whereas the control group gained visceral fat. Home-based exercise did not significantly change body composition within the group but appeared to prevent the visceral fat increase seen in controls.
Key findings
- Centre-based exercise decreased visceral fat by 6.4 ± 6.4 mm (P < 0.01) and waist circumference by 2.0 ± 2.3 cm (P = 0.03), and increased leg lean mass by 0.5 ± 0.4 kg (P < 0.01).
- Mean blood pressure decreased in both exercise groups (centre-based 13%, P < 0.01; home-based 10%, P = 0.03), and eGFR increased by 3.6 ± 4.6 mL/min (P = 0.03) in the centre-based group.
- The control group had a significant increase in visceral fat of 5.0 ± 4.4 mm (P = 0.01), with no significant change in waist circumference.
- No significant changes in body composition were observed within the home-based group, but the paper reports that home-based exercise prevented the increase in visceral fat seen in controls; physical capacity improved in both exercise groups.
Methods
- Prospective, randomized, controlled interventional trial of 12 weeks. Twenty-nine sedentary men with CKD stages 3 and 4 were recruited; 27 completed follow-up. Patients were randomized to aerobic exercise (n = 19) or control (n = 10); those in the exercise group chose centre-based (n = 10) or home-based (n = 9, with 8 completing) exercise.
- Aerobic training was prescribed according to ventilatory threshold and performed three times per week for 12 weeks, starting at 30 min with a 10-min increment every 4 weeks. Centre-based patients trained on a treadmill under supervision; home-based patients trained near home with a heart rate monitor, three initial supervised sessions, weekly telephone calls, and monthly visits.
- Body composition was assessed by DEXA and abdominal fat distribution by computed tomography; physical/functional capacity, blood pressure, and laboratory parameters were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. Analysis used three-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA for between-group comparisons and group-by-time interaction, repeated-measures ANOVA within groups, and χ² tests for proportions.
Limitations
- Stated in the paper: findings are limited to overweight non-dialysed CKD men and may not be extrapolated to the general CKD population.
- Evident from the text: the sample was small (27 completers; centre-based n = 10, home-based n = 8, control n = 9), and the centre-based versus home-based exercise mode was chosen by participants rather than randomized.
- Evident from the text: the intervention lasted only 12 weeks, and the authors note that more studies are needed to prove definite effectiveness of supervised home-based exercise.
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Claims the paper makes
21 Own result · 16 Sources not found · 11 Own method · 7 Own interpretation · 1 No basis given
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mean blood pressure decreased in both exercise groups (centre-based 13%, P < 0.01 and homebased 10%, P = 0.03)”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Abstract
plaindirectn = 10 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the centre-based group, visceral fat and waist circumference decreased 6.4 ± 6.4 mm (P < 0.01) and 2.0 ± 2.3 cm (P = 0.03) and leg lean mass increased 0.5 ± 0.4 kg (P < 0.01).”
- Also stated in: § R E S U LT S · plain
“LBM increased in the centre-based group due to the increase in the leg lean mass.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Abstract
plaindirectn = 10 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § R E S U LT S · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In relation to the control, a group-by-time interaction was significant for visceral fat and waist circumference for both exercise groups and for leg lean mass for the centre-based group.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 10 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“eGFR increased 3.6 ± 4.6 mL/min (P = 0.03) in the centre-based group.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since in the present study, the intensity of the exercise was mild to moderate and there was no change in the energy intake, the changes in energy balance were probably not sufficient to promote significant reductions in the total fat mass but enough to reduce visceral fat.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In relation to the control, a group-by-time interaction was significant for visceral fat and waist circumference for both exercise groups and for leg lean mass for the centre-based group.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mean blood pressure decreased in both exercise groups (centre-based 13%, P < 0.01 and homebased 10%, P = 0.03)”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Abstract
plaindirectn = 8 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Visceral fat increased 5.0 ± 4.4 mm in the control group (P = 0.01).”
- Also stated in: § R E S U LT S · plain
“In the control group, visceral fat increased significantly with no significant change in waist circumference.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Abstract
plaindirectn = 9 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § R E S U LT S · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the centre-based group, visceral fat and waist circumference decreased 6.4 ± 6.4 mm (P < 0.01) and 2.0 ± 2.3 cm (P = 0.03) and leg lean mass increased 0.5 ± 0.4 kg (P < 0.01).”
- Also stated in: § R E S U LT S · plain
“Visceral fat and waist circumference decreased in the centre-based group.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Abstract
plainn = 10 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § R E S U LT S · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In conclusion, we demonstrated that the supervised incentre exercise programme employed in our study was safe and effective to reduce visceral fat besides promoting relevant clinical benefits in overweight CKD patients.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The benefits achieved for this group of patients on physical capacity were similar to that obtained in the centre-based, and a trend to decrease visceral fat was observed.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: In-centre closely supervised exercise may not be an option for most patients.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mechanism behind the improvement of renal function observed after 12 weeks of intervention in the centre-based exercise group cannot be clearly identified.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The benefits achieved for this group of patients on physical capacity were similar to that obtained in the centre-based, and a trend to decrease visceral fat was observed.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: In-centre closely supervised exercise may not be an option for most patients.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In conclusion, we demonstrated that the supervised incentre exercise programme employed in our study was safe and effective to reduce visceral fat besides promoting relevant clinical benefits in overweight CKD patients.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition to the body composition and clinical benefits achieved with the aerobic training in the current study, we confirmed significant improvement in the classical physical and functional capacity parameters.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, likewise in the centre-exercise group, the home-based exercise promoted a decrease in blood pressure of the patients confirming the benefits of exercise itself in the control of hypertension.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: In-centre closely supervised exercise may not be an option for most patients.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is of note that, in the present study, the blood pressure reduction occurred regardless of changes of body weight, sodium intake or use of antihypertensive medication, confirming the effect of exercise itself.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“We have previously validated waist circumference as a marker of abdominal fat in non-dialysed CKD patients as well as in peritoneal dialysis patients in cross-sectional and prospective analyses [24,26,27].”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [26]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“This is of concern since there is evidence that increased visceral fat is associated with atherosclerosis, inflammation and insulin resistance in both haemodialysis [5,6,25] as well as in non-dialysed CKD patients [26].”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [25]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [26]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“In the mentioned reports, the reduction of visceral fat varied from 5 to 13% [17][18][19][20].”
- Also stated in: § D I S C U S S I O N · plain
“These results are in accordance with studies including overweight patients with normal renal function in which the aerobic training programme was similar to that employed in our study.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [17]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [19]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [20]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § D I S C U S S I O N · plain
In the paper
“The finding in the current study is relevant, since reduced LBM has been associated with poor outcomes in the CKD population [35].”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [35]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In accordance, a previous investigation of our group showed a spontaneous accumulation of visceral fat over a year in 70% of non-dialysed CKD patients [24].”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Additionally, it has been recently demonstrated that visceral obesity was able to predict future cardiovascular events in non-dialysed CKD patients [7].”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Only two studies tested the impact of aerobic exercise on body composition in non-dialysed CKD patients.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > I N T R O D U C T I O N
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Herein, we observed that waist circumference was able to mirror reduction of visceral fat in patients under centre-based exercise intervention.”
- Also stated in: § D I S C U S S I O N · boosted
“This study also demonstrated that waist circumference, a simple marker of abdominal obesity, was able to detect reduction in visceral fat.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § D I S C U S S I O N · boosted
In the paper
“A pilot study with 13 obese diabetic patients with CKD showed no changes in body weight or body composition after 24 weeks of a walking programme [9].”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > I N T R O D U C T I O N
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainn = 13- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“the beneficial effect of aerobic exercise on kidney function has been shown in experimental studies with nephrectomized rats [39]”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant differences for any variables were identified among the groups at baseline.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > R E S U LT S
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Aerobic training lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance due to the improvement of endothelium-mediated vasodilatation, attenuation of increased sympathetic nervous system activity and vascular remodelling [37].”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [37]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Such clinical benefit of exercise has been well established in normotensive and hypertensive individuals [36,37] as well as in CKD patients [38].”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [36]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [37]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [38]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Two studies including CKD patients have demonstrated improvement of renal function under a mild-to-moderate-intensity aerobic training [40,41].”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirectn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, likewise in the centre-exercise group, the home-based exercise promoted a decrease in blood pressure of the patients confirming the benefits of exercise itself in the control of hypertension.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: In-centre closely supervised exercise may not be an option for most patients.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“This finding is consistent with a number of studies that evaluated the effect of training programmes in dialysis patients [42][43][44][45][46] and in non-dialysed CKD patients [9,38,47].”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [38]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, it is important to highlight that home-based exercise was effective in preventing the increase of visceral fat as occurred in the control group.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: In-centre closely supervised exercise may not be an option for most patients.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is of note that, in the present study, the blood pressure reduction occurred regardless of changes of body weight, sodium intake or use of antihypertensive medication, confirming the effect of exercise itself.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
- Probably not a substantial claim. 12
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant changes were observed in the homebased group.”
- Also stated in: § R E S U LT S · plain
“no significant changes in body weight, BMI, visceral fat, waist circumference and total body fat were found in the home-based group.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Abstract
plainn = 8- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § R E S U LT S · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Total body fat did not change within the groups but, since the pattern of changes was different between the two groups, the interaction group by time was significant.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > R E S U LT S
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the centre-based group, visceral fat and waist circumference decreased 6.4 ± 6.4 mm (P < 0.01) and 2.0 ± 2.3 cm (P = 0.03) and leg lean mass increased 0.5 ± 0.4 kg (P < 0.01).”
- Also stated in: § D I S C U S S I O N · plain
“We found that visceral fat decreased on average 6% among patients in the centre-based exercise group, ranging from 3 to 10%.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Abstract
plaindirectn = 10 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § D I S C U S S I O N · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These parameters remained unchanged in the control group.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The aerobic exercise in our study also resulted in a significant reduction of blood pressure of the patients.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“Aerobic exercise induces a negative energy balance and consequently reduces fat mass, as long as there is no compensation in other components of energy expenditure or energy intake [21].”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Centre-based aerobic exercise is an effective approach to reduce visceral fat besides promoting relevant clinical benefits in male overweight CKD patients.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The impact of exercise on body composition is still unclear and deserves further investigation.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > I N T R O D U C T I O N
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since in the present study, the intensity of the exercise was mild to moderate and there was no change in the energy intake, the changes in energy balance were probably not sufficient to promote significant reductions in the total fat mass but enough to reduce visceral fat.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The training programme was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine [13].”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Aerobic training
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Human Investigation Review Committee of Federal University of São Paulo approved the study, and informed consent was obtained from each subject.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Subjects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Patients were randomized to aerobic exercise group (n = 19) or control group (n = 10).”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Study protocol
plainn = 19- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The same blinded skilled technician performed all measurements during the study.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Abdominal computed tomography
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No medication modification was done during the follow-up.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Subjects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As part of the nutritional routine care in our centre, a renal-specific diet containing 25-30 kcal/adjusted body weight/day and 0.6-0.8g/ adjusted body weight/day of protein was prescribed to all patients, and no modification was performed during the study.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Subjects
plainn = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This was a prospective, randomized, controlled interventional trial of 12 weeks.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Study protocol
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The patients from the control group were advised not to perform any type of physical exercise during follow-up.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Study protocol
plainn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, the use of an objective end point assessment of visceral fat and the exercise prescription using gold standard methodologies strengthened the significance of the results.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A limitation of this study is that the findings are limited to overweight non-dialysed CKD men, so that the results may not be extrapolated for the general CKD population.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In order to correctly perform the exercise, the home-based patients were initially submitted to three supervised exercise sessions and then were monitored weekly by telephone calls and in monthly visits to assess progress, adherence and to provide support.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Study protocol
plainn = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The exercise intensity was prescribed according to ventilatory threshold (VT) obtained in the cardiopulmonary exercise test.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Aerobic training
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The present study is the first to show the impact of aerobic exercise as a single intervention on visceral fat reduction in obese CKD patients.
“To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to show the impact of aerobic exercise as a single intervention on visceral fat reduction in obese CKD patients.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Clinical studies of aerobic exercise on kidney function in CKD patients are scarce.
“clinical studies with CKD patients are scarce”
The paper relies on this without support.
In-centre closely supervised exercise may not be an option for most patients.
“Considering that in-centre closely supervised exercise may not be an option for most patients”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“high risk of performance bias was granted to more than 75% of the studies [7, 9, 10, 13, 15–18, 20, 21].”
From Exercise therapy improves eGFR, and reduces blood pressure and BMI in non-dialysis CKD patients: evidence from a meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [18]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Abstract
“were randomly assigned to a centre-based exercise group (n = 10), home-based exercise group (n = 8) or control group (n = 9).”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > Study protocol
“Patients were randomized to aerobic exercise group (n = 19) or control group (n = 10).Those assigned to the aerobic exercise group chose the exercise mode as centre-based (n = 10) or home-based (n = 9).”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > R E S U LT S
“The other laboratory parameters remained unchanged in both groups.”
§ Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients > D I S C U S S I O N
“| Urinary sodium (mEq/24 h) | 224 (174-277) | 272 (212-310) | <0.01 | 171 (150-207) | 270 (183-285) | 0.41 | 180 (144-287) | 199 (168-252) | 0.83 | 0.30 | 0.54 | 0.90 |”
Citations
Cites
Matthews, D. R., Hosker, J. P., Rudenski, A. S., Naylor, B. A., Treacher, D. F., & Turner, R. C. (1985) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00280883 · Cited by 31,502
A New Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate
Levey, A. S., Stevens, L. A., Schmid, C. H., Zhang, Y. (., Castro, A. F., Feldman, H. I., Kusek, J. W., Eggers, P., Van Lente, F., Greene, T., et al. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006 · Cited by 25,603
The Disease Burden Associated With Overweight and Obesity
Must, A. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.16.1523 · Cited by 4,827
American College of Sports Medicine position stand
Otis, C. L. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,407
Pollock, M. L., Gaesser, G. A., Butcher, J. D., Despr??s, J.-P., Dishman, R. K., Franklin, B. A., & Garber, C. E. (1998) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199806000-00032 · Cited by 3,051
Pescatello, L. S., Franklin, B. A., Fagard, R. H., Farquhar, W. B., Kelley, G. A., & Ray, C. A. (2004) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000115224.88514.3a · Cited by 1,943
Obesity-Induced Hypertension: Interaction of Neurohumoral and Renal Mechanisms
Hall, J. E., do Carmo, J. M., da Silva, A. A., Wang, Z., & Hall, M. E. (2015) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.305697 · Cited by 1,360
Johnson, N. A., Sachinwalla, T., Walton, D. W., Smith, K., Armstrong, A., Thompson, M. W., & George, J. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23129 · Cited by 631
Short, K. R., Vittone, J. L., Bigelow, M. L., Proctor, D. N., Rizza, R. A., Coenen-Schimke, J. M., & Nair, K. S. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.8.1888 · Cited by 631
Age and aerobic exercise training effects on whole body and muscle protein metabolism
Short, K. R., Vittone, J. L., Bigelow, M. L., Proctor, D. N., & Nair, K. S. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00366.2003 · Cited by 470 · cited 9×
“The finding in the current study is relevant, since reduced LBM has been associated with poor outcomes in the CKD population [35].”
ResultInfluential
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 2000, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 35, S1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Frey, S., Mir, A. R., & Lucas, M. (1999) · Journal of Renal Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s1051-2276(99)90003-1 · Cited by 835
Exercise as a prescription for patients with various diseases
Luan, X., Tian, X., Zhang, H., Huang, R., Li, N., Chen, P., & Wang, R. (2019) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2019.04.002 · Cited by 459
Verheggen, R. J. H. M., Maessen, M. F. H., Green, D. J., Hermus, A. R. M. M., Hopman, M. T. E., & Thijssen, D. H. T. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12406 · Cited by 318
Physical inactivity: a risk factor and target for intervention in renal care
Zelle, D. M., Klaassen, G., van Adrichem, E. J., Bakker, S. J. L., Corpeleijn, E., & Navis, G. J. (2017) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2016.187 · Cited by 294
Clinical practice guideline exercise and lifestyle in chronic kidney disease
Baker, L. A., March, D. S., Wilkinson, T. J., Billany, R. E., BISHOP, N. C., Castle, E. M., Chilcot, J., Davies, M. D., Graham-Brown, M. P. M., Greenwood, S. A., et al. (2022) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-021-02618-1 · Cited by 289
Metadata
- Authors
- Baria, F., Kamimura, M. A., Aoike, D. T., Ammirati, A., Leister Rocha, M., de Mello, M. T., & Cuppari, L.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Cuppari, L.
- Venue
- Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-01-20
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 857-864
- ISSN
- 0931-0509 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2385
- OpenAlex
- W2163076045
- Semantic Scholar
- b211463291c72e06cea9c5f3af4da825aaad76a9
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 15.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (09/14786-0)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
- Keywords
- aerobic exercise, visceral fat, chronic kidney disease, overweight, obesity, home-based exercise, waist circumference, leg lean mass, blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, ventilatory threshold, sedentary men
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Body Composition, Exercise Therapy, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Exercise, Absorptiometry, Photon, Body Mass Index, Treatment Outcome, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Overweight, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Young Adult, Sedentary Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-25, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-25 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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