The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Epidemiology of brain metastases and leptomeningeal disease
Open accessAbstract
Brain metastases affect a significant percentage of patients with advanced extracranial malignancies. Yet, the incidence of brain metastases remains poorly described, largely due to limitations of population-based registries, a lack of mandated reporting of brain metastases to federal agencies, and historical difficulties with delineation of metastatic involvement of individual organs using claims data. However, in 2016, the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program released data relating to the presence vs absence of brain metastases at diagnosis of oncologic disease. In 2020, studies demonstrating the viability of utilizing claims data for identifying the presence of brain metastases, date of diagnosis of intracranial involvement, and initial treatment approach for brain metastases were published, facilitating epidemiologic investigations of brain metastases on a population-based level. Accordingly, in this review, we discuss the incidence, clinical presentation, prognosis, and management patterns of patients with brain metastases. Leptomeningeal disease is also discussed. Considerations regarding individual tumor types that commonly metastasize to the brain are provided.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
Hodi, F. S., O'Day, S. J., McDermott, D. F., Weber, R. W., Sosman, J. A., Haanen, J. B., Gonzalez, R., Robert, C., Schadendorf, D., Hassel, J. C., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1003466 · Cited by 15,155
Osimertinib in Untreated EGFR -Mutated Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Soria, J.-C., Ohe, Y., Vansteenkiste, J., Reungwetwattana, T., Chewaskulyong, B., Lee, K. H., Dechaphunkul, A., Imamura, F., Nogami, N., Kurata, T., et al. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1713137 · Cited by 5,508
Atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel in advanced triple-negative breast cancer
Schmid, P., Adams, S., Rugo, H. S., Schneeweiss, A., Barrios, C. H., Iwata, H., Diéras, V., Hegg, R., Im, S.-A., Shaw Wright, G., et al. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1809615 · Cited by 4,350
A Randomized Trial of Surgery in the Treatment of Single Metastases to the Brain
Patchell, R. A., Tibbs, P. A., Walsh, J. W., Dempsey, R. J., Maruyama, Y., Kryscio, R. J., Markesbery, W. R., Macdonald, J. S., & Young, B. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199002223220802 · Cited by 3,135
Gaspar, L., Scott, C., Rotman, M., Asbell, S., Phillips, T., Wasserman, T., McKenna, W. G., & Byhardt, R. (1997) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/s0360-3016(96)00619-0 · Cited by 2,544
Chang, E. L., Wefel, J. S., Hess, K. R., Allen, P. K., Lang, F. F., Kornguth, D. G., Arbuckle, R. B., Swint, J. M., Shiu, A. S., Maor, M. H., et al. (2009) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70263-3 · Cited by 2,475
Andrews, D. W., Scott, C. B., Sperduto, P. W., Flanders, A. E., Gaspar, L. E., Schell, M. C., Werner-Wasik, M., Demas, W., Ryu, J., Bahary, J.-P., et al. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16250-8 · Cited by 2,417
The Clinical KRAS(G12C) Inhibitor AMG 510 Drives Anti-Tumour Immunity
Canon, J., Rex, K., Saiki, A. Y., Mohr, C., Cooke, K., Bagal, D., Gaida, K., Holt, T., Knutson, C. G., Koppada, N., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1694-1 · Cited by 2,277
Aoyama, H., Shirato, H., Tago, M., Nakagawa, K., Toyoda, T., Hatano, K., Kenjyo, M., Oya, N., Hirota, S., Shioura, H., et al. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.21.2483 · Cited by 2,213
AZD9291 in EGFR Inhibitor–Resistant Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Jänne, P. A., Yang, J. C.-H., Kim, D.-W., Planchard, D., Ohe, Y., Ramalingam, S. S., Ahn, M.-J., Kim, S.-W., Su, W.-C., Horn, L., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1411817 · Cited by 2,116
Cited by
Jalalifar, S. A., Soliman, H., Sahgal, A., & Sadeghi-Naini, A. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14205133 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Lamba, N., Wen, P. Y., & Aizer, A. A.
- Venue
- Neuro-Oncology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-04-28
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1447-1456
- ISSN
- 1522-8517 (ISSN-L)
- 1523-5866
- OpenAlex
- W3159719186
- Cited by
- 406
- References
- 83
- FWCI
- 31.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Epidemiology of brain metastases and leptomeningeal disease. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/neuonc/noab101
- The paper
- Lamba, N., Wen, P. Y., & Aizer, A. A. (2021). Epidemiology of brain metastases and leptomeningeal disease. Neuro-Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab101
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.