The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Greed and grievance in civil war
Abstract
We investigate the causes of civil war, using a new data set of wars during 1960–99. Rebellion may be explained by atypically severe grievances, such as high inequality, a lack of political rights, or ethnic and religious divisions in society. Alternatively, it might be explained by atypical opportunities for building a rebel organization. While it is difficult to find proxies for grievances and opportunities, we find that political and social variables that are most obviously related to grievances have little explanatory power. By contrast, economic variables, which could proxy some grievances but are perhaps more obviously related to the viability of rebellion, provide considerably more explanatory power.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Penn World Table (Mark 5): An Expanded Set of International Comparisons, 1950-1988
Summers, R., & Heston, A. (1991) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2937941 · Cited by 3,429
Tornell, A., & Lane, P. R. (1999) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.89.1.22 · Cited by 1,448
Sparks and prairie fires: A theory of unanticipated political revolution
Kuran, T. (1989) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/bf00116762 · Cited by 905
Cited by
Introducing ACLED: An armed conflict location and event dataset
Raleigh, C., Linke, A., Hegre, H., & Karlsen, J. (2010) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343310378914 · Cited by 1,747
Ethnic Polarization, Potential Conflict, and Civil Wars
Montalvo, J. G., & Reynal-Querol, M. (2005) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/0002828054201468 · Cited by 1,386
Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change (2006)
Stern, N. (2017) · Making Climate Change History · doi:10.1515/9780295741406-058 · Cited by 1,380
What Do We Know about Natural Resources and Civil War?
Ross, M. L. (2004) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343304043773 · Cited by 1,358
Why Do Ethnic Groups Rebel? New Data and Analysis
Cederman, L.-E., Wimmer, A., & Min, B. (2010) · World Politics · doi:10.1017/s0043887109990219 · Cited by 1,346
Metadata
- Authors
- Collier, P.
- Venue
- Oxford Economic Papers
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-06-22
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 563-595
- ISSN
- 0030-7653 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3812
- OpenAlex
- W3122074090
- Cited by
- 6,101
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 434.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Greed and grievance in civil war. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/oep/gpf064
- The paper
- Collier, P. (2004). Greed and grievance in civil war. Oxford Economic Papers. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpf064
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.