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Cervical Cancer
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, with more than 500,000 cases and 250,000 deaths per year. The disease is characterized by marked regional differences, with more than 80% of the cases and deaths occurring in developing countries. The etiology and natural history of the disease are very well studied, with persistent infection with one of thirteen human papillomavirus (HPV) types now considered to be a necessary cause. The molecular mechanisms have also been elucidated and are mediated mainly by the expression of viral oncogenes that interfere with cellular pathways. The two most common HPV types, namely HPV-16 and HPV-18, are associated with about 70% of all cases around the world. Immunologic (e.g., HIV infection), hormonal (e.g., high parity), environmental (e.g., smoking), and genetic (e.g., HLA type) cofactors determine the risk of persistence and cancer among women harboring HPV infection.
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“Other important cofactors include some sexually transmittable infections (human deficiency virus [HIV] and Chlamydia trachomatis), smoking, a higher number of childbirths, and long-term use of oral contraceptives.133”
From Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (2024) · cites this paper as [133]
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Bray, F., Laversanne, M., Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Soerjomataram, I., & Jemal, A. (2024) · CA: a cancer journal for clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21834 · Cited by 27,064
de Aguiar, B. S., Pellini, A. C. G., Rebolledo, E. A. S., et al. (2023) · Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia · doi:10.1590/1980-549720230008 · Cited by 4
de Aguiar, B. S., Pellini, A. C. G., Rebolledo, E. A. S., et al. (2023) · Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia · doi:10.1590/1980-549720230008.2 · Cited by 3
Martínez-Nava, C., Pérez‐González, C., Zavala-Sánchez, M. Á., Montiel, E. C. P., Lopez-Munoz, F. J., & Méndez-Cuesta, C. A. (2024) · Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0115734064321632241022082028
Bitar, H., & Alismail, S. (2025) · JMIR Cancer · doi:10.2196/64183 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Herrero, R., & Murillo, R.
- ORCID
- Herrero, Rolando
- Venue
- Oxford Scholarship Online
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Published
- 2017-12-21
- OpenAlex
- W4240236713
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.46
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oxford University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Head and Neck Cancer Studies
- Keywords
- cervical cancer, human papillomavirus, HPV16, HPV 18, viral oncogenes, persistent HPV infection, cancer etiology, risk factors, HIV infection, parity, smoking, HLA, developing countries
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