The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Avian Growth and Development
Abstract
This is the first re-appraisal in 50 years of concepts of development made in birds. This book is a case study in evolutionary diversification of life histories. Although birds have a rather uniform body plan and physiology, they exhibit marked variation in development type, parental care, and rate of growth. Altricial birds are fully dependent on their parents for warmth and nutrition and begin posthatching life in a more or less embryonic condition. At the other extreme, such superprecocial species as the megapodes are independent of all parental care from hatching, and the neonate, able to fly, resembles an adult bird. This book thus attempts to present an integrative perspective of organism biology, ecology, and evolution.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“New-born primates, more altricial than the birds but still on the precocial side of the precocial-altricial continuum (Starck, 1998), are mostly incapable of following the carer.”
From Back to basics: A re-evaluation of the relevance of imprinting in the genesis of Bowlby’s attachment theory (2022) · cites this paper as Starck, 1998
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Living in the city: can anyone become an ‘urban exploiter'?
Kark, S., Iwaniuk, A. N., Schalimtzek, A., & Banker, E. (2006) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01638.x · Cited by 569
Benefits and costs of increased levels of corticosterone in seabird chicks
Kitaysky, A. S., Kitaiskaia, E. V., Piatt, J. F., & Wingfield, J. C. (2003) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0018-506x(02)00030-2 · Cited by 356
Genome Size Evolution in Animals
Gregory, T. R. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012301463-4/50003-6 · Cited by 330
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON THE EVOLUTION OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTAL RATES IN PASSERINES
Remeš, V., & Martin, T. E. (2002) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00175.x · Cited by 293
Dinosaurian growth rates and bird origins
Padian, K., de Ricqlès, A. J., & Horner, J. R. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35086500 · Cited by 270
Bone microstructure and developmental plasticity in birds and other dinosaurs
Starck, J. M., & Chinsamy, A. (2002) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.10029 · Cited by 252
Wing-assisted incline running and the evolution of flight.
Dial, K. P. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1078237 · Cited by 236
PARALLEL RADIATIONS IN THE PRIMARY CLADES OF BIRDS
Fain, M. G., & Houde, P. (2004) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00884.x · Cited by 224
Growth in small dinosaurs and pterosaurs: The evolution of archosaurian growth strategies.
Padian, K., Horner, J. R., & De Ricqlès, A. (2004) · Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0555:gisdap]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 214
Tjørve, E., & Tjørve, K. M. C. (2010) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.09.008 · Cited by 210
A growth cost of begging in captive canary chicks
Kilner, R. M. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.191221798 · Cited by 207
Aquatic insects rich in omega‐3 fatty acids drive breeding success in a widespread bird
Twining, C. W., Shipley, J. R., & Winkler, D. W. (2018) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.13156 · Cited by 201
Chapter 7 Hormones in Avian Eggs: Physiology, Ecology and Behavior
(2008) · Advances in the study of behavior · doi:10.1016/s0065-3454(08)00007-7 · Cited by 193
Strategic female reproductive investment in response to male attractiveness in birds
Horváthová, T., Nakagawa, S., & Uller, T. (2011) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0663 · Cited by 174
Merilä, J., & Sheldon, B. C. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1211-0_4 · Cited by 174
Development, regeneration, and evolution of feathers
Chen, C.-F., Foley, J., Tang, P.-C., Li, A., Jiang, T. X., Wu, P., Widelitz, R. B., & Chuong, C. M. (2015) · Annual Review of Animal Biosciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-022513-114127 · Cited by 163
Developmental Plasticity in the Life History of a Prosauropod Dinosaur
Sander, P. M., & Klein, N. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1120125 · Cited by 164
Trajectories and models of individual growth
Karkach, A. S. (2006) · Demographic Research · doi:10.4054/demres.2006.15.12 · Cited by 163
Sex-biased survival predicts adult sex ratio variation in wild birds
Székely, T., Liker, A., Freckleton, R. P., Fichtel, C., & Kappeler, P. M. (2014) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0342 · Cited by 156
Martin, T. E., Lloyd, P., Bosque, C., Barton, D. C., Biancucci, L., Cheng, Y.-R., & Ton, R. (2011) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01227.x · Cited by 145
Testing the phenotypic gambit: phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations of colour
Hadfield, J. D., NUTALL, A., Osorio, D., et al. (2006) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01262.x · Cited by 145
Quality of song learning affects female response to male bird song
Nowicki, S., Searcy, W. A., & Peters, S. S. (2002) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2124 · Cited by 140
The effects of feed restriction on plasma biochemistry in growing meat type chickens (Gallus gallus)
Rajman, M., Juráni, M., Lamošová, D., Máčajová, M., Sedlačková, M., Košťál, Ľ., Ježová, D., & Výboh, P. (2006) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.07.004 · Cited by 144
European starling chicks benefit from high yolk testosterone levels during a drought year
Pilz, K. M., Quiroga, M. A., Schwabl, H. G., & Adkins–Regan, E. (2004) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.03.004 · Cited by 138
Ballentine, B. (2009) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.12.027 · Cited by 132
Janssens, E., Dauwe, T., Pinxten, R., et al. (2003) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(03)00185-4 · Cited by 126
The oral bioavailability and toxicokinetics of methylmercury in common loon (Gavia immer) chicks
Fournier, F., Karasov, W. H., Kenow, K. P., et al. (2002) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00140-x · Cited by 115
Ibrahim, H. R., Hoq, M. I., & Aoki, T. (2007) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.08.005 · Cited by 110
Methylmercury is the Predominant Form of Mercury in Bird Eggs: A Synthesis
Ackerman, J. T., Herzog, M. P., & Schwarzbach, S. E. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es304385y · Cited by 105
Palacios, M. G., Cunnick, J. E., Vleck, D. B. V., et al. (2008) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2008.09.006 · Cited by 102
Hall, M. E., Blount, J. D., Forbes, S., et al. (2009) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01635.x · Cited by 100
Growth and nutritional state of American Crow nestlings vary between urban and rural habitats
Heiss, R. S., Clark, A. B., & McGowan, K. J. (2009) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/08-0140.1 · Cited by 97
Reneerkens, J. W. H., Schmidt, N. M., Gilg, O., Hansen, J., Hansen, L. H., Moreau, J., & Piersma, T. (2016) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.2361 · Cited by 100
Effects of blood collection on wild birds: an update
Sheldon, L. D., Chin, E. H., Gill, S. A., et al. (2008) · Journal of Avian Biology · doi:10.1111/j.0908-8857.2008.04295.x · Cited by 92
Osteohistology of Confuciusornis sanctus(Theropoda: Aves)
De Ricqlès, A. J., Padian, K., Horner, J. R., Lamm, E.-T., & Myhrvold, N. (2003) · Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2003)023[0373:oocsta]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 89
Saalfeld, S. T., McEwen, D. C., Kesler, D. C., Butler, M. G., Cunningham, J. A., Doll, A. C., English, W. B., Gerik, D. E., Grond, K., Herzog, P. W., et al. (2019) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.5248 · Cited by 92
A mid-Cretaceous enantiornithine (Aves) hatchling preserved in Burmese amber with unusual plumage
Xing, L., O'Connor, J. K., McKellar, R. C., Chiappe, L. M., Tseng, K., Li, G., & Bai, M. (2017) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2017.06.001 · Cited by 86
Carotenoid availability in diet and phenotype of blue and great tit nestlings
Biard, C., Surai, P. F., & Møller, A. P. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.02089 · Cited by 85
THE EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM IN THE HOUSE FINCH. III. DEVELOPMENTAL BASIS
Badyaev, A. V., Whittingham, L. A., & Hill, G. E. (2001) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb01282.x · Cited by 85
From eggs to fledging: negative impact of urban habitat on reproduction in two tit species
Bailly, J., Scheifler, R., Berthe, S., Clément-Demange, V.-A., Leblond, M., Pasteur, B., & Faivre, B. (2015) · Journal für Ornithologie · doi:10.1007/s10336-015-1293-3 · Cited by 82
Griffiths, S. R., Lentini, P. E., Semmens, K., Watson, S. J., Lumsden, L. F., & Robert, K. A. (2018) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f9050235 · Cited by 88
Avian Egg Odour Encodes Information on Embryo Sex, Fertility and Development
Webster, B., Hayes, W., & Pike, T. W. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116345 · Cited by 80
Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
CHIAPPE, L. M., SHU'AN, J., & QIANG, J. (2007) · American Museum Novitates · doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3594[1:jbftec]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 81
Wolanski, N. J., Renema, R. A., Robinson, F. E., et al. (2007) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1093/ps/86.8.1784 · Cited by 78
Synthesis of Maternal Transfer of Mercury in Birds: Implications for Altered Toxicity Risk
Ackerman, J. T., Herzog, M. P., Evers, D. C., et al. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b06119 · Cited by 77
Precocity in a tiny titanosaur from the Cretaceous of Madagascar
Rogers, K. C., Whitney, M. R., D’Emic, M. D., & Bagley, B. C. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf1509 · Cited by 78
MATERNAL EFFECTS INFLUENCE THE SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OF SONS AND DAUGHTERS IN THE ZEBRA FINCH
Forstmeier, W., Coltman, D. W., & Birkhead, T. R. (2004) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00885.x · Cited by 77
Garnier, R., Ramos, R., Staszewski, V., Militão, T., Lobato, E., González‐Solís, J., & Boulinier, T. (2011) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.2277 · Cited by 72
Physiology, activity and costs of parental care in birds
Williams, T. D. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.169433 · Cited by 73
Tona, K., Voemesse, K., N’nanle, O., Oke, O. E., Kouame, Y. A. E., Bilalissi, A., Meteyake, H. T., & Oso, O. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.895854 · Cited by 108
The other facets of family life and their role in the evolution of animal sociality
Kramer, J., & Meunier, J. (2018) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12443 · Cited by 72
Genetic and Molecular Basis of Feather Diversity in Birds
Ng, C. S., & Li, W. (2018) · Genome Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/gbe/evy180 · Cited by 73
Scheiber, I. B. R., Weiß, B., Kingma, S. A., & Komdeur, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Zoology · doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0185-6 · Cited by 68
The Effects of Weather on Avian Growth and Implications for Adaptation to Climate Change
Sauve, D., Friesen, V. L., & Charmantier, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.569741 · Cited by 79
de Medeiros, R. C. S., & Marini, M. Â. (2007) · Revista Brasileira de Zoologia · doi:10.1590/s0101-81752007000100002 · Cited by 68
Kim, S., Noguera, J. C., Morales, J., & Velando, A. (2010) · Evolutionary Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10682-010-9426-x · Cited by 65
Macroevolutionary Theory on Macroecological Patterns
Price, P. W. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511615030 · Cited by 64
Advantages of nonlinear mixed models for fitting avian growth curves
Sofaer, H. R., Chapman, P. L., Sillett, T. S., et al. (2013) · Journal of Avian Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-048x.2013.05719.x · Cited by 64
Ferner, K., Schultz, J. A., & Zeller, U. (2017) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/joa.12689 · Cited by 62
Picardi, S., Smith, B. J., Boone, M., et al. (2020) · Movement Ecology · doi:10.1186/s40462-020-00201-1 · Cited by 63
Embryo growth rates in birds and mammals
Ricklefs, R. E. (2010) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01684.x · Cited by 63
Dial, T. R., & Carrier, D. R. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.057380 · Cited by 63
Meillère, A., Brischoux, F., Henry, P., Michaud, B., Garcin, R., & Angelier, F. (2017) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.12.014 · Cited by 63
Ecology and allometry predict the evolution of avian developmental durations
Cooney, C. R., Sheard, C., Clark, A. D., Healy, S. D., Liker, A., Street, S. E., Troisi, C. A., Thomas, G. H., Székely, T., Hemmings, N., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16257-x · Cited by 64
Nest mate size, but not short-term need, influences begging behavior of a generalist brood parasite
Rivers, J. W. (2006) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/arl068 · Cited by 62
Ontogeny of constitutive immunity: maternal vs. endogenous influences
Arriero, E., Majewska, A. A., & Martin, T. E. (2013) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12057 · Cited by 61
Shapes and functions of bird-growth models: how to characterise chick postnatal growth
Tjørve, K. M. C., & Tjørve, E. (2010) · Zoology · doi:10.1016/j.zool.2010.05.003 · Cited by 60
Neural crest and the origin of species‐specific pattern
Schneider, R. A. (2018) · genesis · doi:10.1002/dvg.23219 · Cited by 60
Maternal behaviour in domestic dogs
Lezama-García, K., Mariti, C., Mota‐Rojas, D., Martı́nez-Burnes, J., Barrios-García, H., & Gazzano, A. (2019) · International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine · doi:10.1080/23144599.2019.1641899 · Cited by 61
The evolution of fledging age in songbirds
Roff, D. A., Remeš, V., & Martin, T. E. (2005) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00958.x · Cited by 60
Friedman, N. R., Harmáčková, L., Economo, E. P., & Remeš, V. (2017) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/evo.13274 · Cited by 64
The evolution of egg size in the brood parasitic cuckoos
Krüger, O., & Davies, N. B. (2004) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/arg104 · Cited by 57
PATTERNS OF NEST ATTENDANCE IN FEMALE WOOD DUCKS
Manlove, C. A., & Hepp, G. R. (2000) · Ornithological Applications · doi:10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0286:ponaif]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 57
Age‐Related Changes in Signalling of Need by Nestling Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor)
Leonard, M. L., & Horn, A. G. (2006) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01259.x · Cited by 56
Simmons, P., & Lill, A. (2006) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.12.018 · Cited by 56
Post-fledging body mass as a determinant of subadult survival in Common Terns Sterna hirundo
Braasch, A., Schauroth, C., & Becker, P. (2008) · Journal für Ornithologie · doi:10.1007/s10336-008-0362-2 · Cited by 55
The development of flight behaviours in birds
Ruaux, G., Lumineau, S., & de Margerie, E. (2020) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.0668 · Cited by 58
Lipid reserves, fasting capability and the evolution of nestling obesity in procellariiform seabirds
Phillips, R. A., & Hamer, K. C. (1999) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0783 · Cited by 54
Prondvai, E. (2016) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/jeb.13019 · Cited by 55
Williams, T. D. (1999) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1006/hbeh.1998.1506 · Cited by 53
Ardia, D. R., & Schat, K. A. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012370634-8.50025-1 · Cited by 52
Cain, K. E., & Ketterson, E. D. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077816 · Cited by 52
Birds and longevity: Does flight driven aerobicity provide an oxidative sink?
Hickey, A. J., Jüllig, M., Aitken, J. F., Loomes, K. M., Hauber, M. E., & Phillips, A. R. J. (2011) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2011.12.002 · Cited by 59
Sources of variation in uropygial gland size in European birds
Vincze, O., Vágási, C. I., Kovács, I., et al. (2013) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/bij.12139 · Cited by 51
Melanin-based coloration reflects alternative strategies to cope with food limitation in pigeons
Jacquin, L., Récapet, C., Bouche, P., et al. (2012) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/ars055 · Cited by 50
Bryan, A. L., Hopkins, W. A., Parikh, J. K., et al. (2011) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.10.021 · Cited by 50
Plateau, O., & Foth, C. (2020) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-020-0914-4 · Cited by 51
Foth, C. (2011) · Paläontologische Zeitschrift · doi:10.1007/s12542-011-0111-3 · Cited by 47
Butchart, S. H. M., Kilner, R. M., Fuisz, T. I., & Davies, N. B. (2003) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1006/anbe.2003.2066 · Cited by 50
Neve, L. D., Soler, J. J., Soler, M., et al. (2004) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/arh074 · Cited by 48
Phylogeny and evolutionary history of the amniote egg
Starck, J. M., Stewart, J. R., & Blackburn, D. G. (2021) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.21380 · Cited by 47
Indirect maternal effects via nest microbiome composition drive gut colonization in altricial chicks
Diez‐Méndez, D., Bodawatta, K. H., Freiberga, I., Klečková, I., Jønsson, K. A., Poulsen, M., & Sam, K. (2023) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.16959 · Cited by 49
Maternally invested carotenoids compensate costly ectoparasitism in the hihi
Ewen, J. G., Thorogood, R., Brekke, P., Cassey, P., Karadaş, F., & Armstrong, D. P. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0902575106 · Cited by 46
Li, D., Zhang, Z., Grim, T., et al. (2016) · Evolutionary Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10682-016-9850-7 · Cited by 46
Christensen, V. L., Grimes, J. L., Donaldson, W. E., et al. (2000) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1093/ps/79.12.1817 · Cited by 46
Egg storage alters weight of supply and demand organs of broiler chicken embryos
Christensen, V., Wineland, M., Fasenko, G. M., et al. (2002) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1093/ps/81.11.1738 · Cited by 46
Henning, A. L., Jiang, M., Yalcin, H. C., et al. (2011) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/dvdy.22694 · Cited by 45
Post-hatching dynamics of plasma biochemistry in free-living European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
Juráni, M., Výboh, P., Zeman, M., Lamošová, D., Košťál, Ľ., & Blažíček, P. (2004) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.03.005 · Cited by 45
Gil, D., Bulmer, E., Celis, P., & Puerta, M. (2007) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.11.013 · Cited by 44
Rapid growth cost in “all-fish” growth hormone gene transgenic carp: Reduced critical swimming speed
Li, D., Fu, C., Hu, W., et al. (2007) · Chinese Science Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s11434-007-0217-x · Cited by 44
Metadata
- Publisher
- Oxford University PressNew York, NY
- Published
- 1998-02-26
- OpenAlex
- W4388368973
- Cited by
- 450
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 6.46
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- avian growth, avian development, life history evolution, altriciality, precociality, parental care, growth rate, megapodes, embryonic development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
