Early Buddhism, Asceticism, and the Politics of the Middle Way

Abstract

Among the various religious and ascetic groups of ancient India, the early Buddhist community is well known for its critical stance toward asceticism. While cultivating a certain “moderate” ascetic lifestyle themselves, early Buddhists are usually portrayed as being critical toward the severe ascetic practices of contemporary groups. This critical view is particularly manifested in the doctrine of the Middle Way, which describes the way between the “extremes” of indulging in sensual pleasures and of practicing severe asceticism. As a major issue of the Buddha’s first dharma talk, this concept can be considered a core doctrine of early Buddhism.