The DOI matches its Crossref record.
ESTIMABILITY AND ESTIMATION IN CASE-REFERENT STUDIES
Abstract
The concepts that case-referent studies provide for the estimation of "relative risk" only if the illness is "rare", and that the rates and risks themselves are inestimable, are overly superficial and restrictve. The ratio of incidence densities (forces of morbidity)-and thereby the instantaneous risk-ratio-is estimable without any rarity-assumption. Long-term risk-ratio can be computed through the coupling of case-referent data on exposure rates for various age-categories with estimates, possibly from the study itself, or the corresponding age-specific incidence-densities for the exposed and nonexposed combined-but again, no rarity-assumption is involved. Such data also provide for the assessment of exposure-specific absolute incidence-rates and risks. Point estimation of the various parameters can be based on simple relationships among them, and in interval estimation it is sufficient simply to couple the point estimate with the value of the chi square statistic used in significance testing.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Hyperinsulinemia. A link between hypertension obesity and glucose intolerance.
Modan, M., Halkin, H., Almog, S., Lusky, A., Eshkol, A., Shefi, M., Shitrit, A., & Fuchs, Z. (1985) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111776 · Cited by 1,465
Physical activity and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women
Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Willett, W. C., Rosner, B., Hennekens, C. H., Speizer, F. E., Rimm, E. B., & Krolewski, A. S. (1991) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)90664-b · Cited by 1,164
Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008) · Encyclopedia of Quantitative Risk Analysis and Assessment · doi:10.1002/9780470061596.risk0599 · Cited by 706
Blumberg, H. M., Jarvis, W. R., Soucie, J. M., Edwards, J. E., Patterson, J. E., Pfaller, M. A., Rangel‐Frausto, M. S., Rinaldi, M. G., Saiman, L., Wiblin, R. T., et al. (2001) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/321811 · Cited by 661
Metadata
- Authors
- MIETTINEN, O.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1976-02
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 226-235
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W4293874313
- Cited by
- 1,321
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 15.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: ESTIMABILITY AND ESTIMATION IN CASE-REFERENT STUDIES. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112220
- The paper
- MIETTINEN, O. (1976). ESTIMABILITY AND ESTIMATION IN CASE-REFERENT STUDIES. American Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112220
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
