The DOI matches its Crossref record.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS AN INDEX OF HEART ATTACK RISK IN COLLEGE ALUMNI1
Abstract
Risk of first heart attack was found to be related inversely to energy expenditure reported by 16,936 Harvard male alumni, aged 35-74 years, of whom 572 experienced heart attacks in 117,680 person-years of followup. Stairs climbed, blocks walked, strenuous sports played, and a composite physical activity index all opposed risk. Men with index below 2000 kilocalories per week were at 64% higher risk than classmates with higher index. Adult exercise was independent of other influences on heart attack risk, and peak exertion as strenuous sports play enhanced the effect of total energy expenditure. Notably, alumni physical activity supplanted student athleticism assessed in college 16-50 years earlier. If it is postulated that varsity athlete status implies selective cardiovascular fitness, such selection alone is insufficient to explain lower heart attack risk in later adult years. Ex-varsity athletes retained lower risk only if they maintained a high physical activity index as alumni.
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“People who exercise regularly not only have a lower base-line risk of myocardial infarction, but as demonstrated by this study, they also have a lower relative risk that an infarction will be triggered by heavy physical exertion.”
From Triggering of Acute Myocardial Infarction by Heavy Physical Exertion -- Protection against Triggering by Regular Exertion (1993) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“numerous studies5,24-31 have found that regular exercise is associated with a reduction in the long-term risk of coronary events.”
From Triggering of Acute Myocardial Infarction by Heavy Physical Exertion -- Protection against Triggering by Regular Exertion (1993) · cites this paper as [28]
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(1985) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 9,143
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Aging, natural death, and the compression of morbidity
Fries, J. F. (1980) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198007173030304 · Cited by 3,356
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256
Physical Activity, All-Cause Mortality, and Longevity of College Alumni
Paffenbarger, R. S., Hyde, R., Wing, A. L., & Hsieh, C.-C. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198603063141003 · Cited by 2,742
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Metadata
- Authors
- PAFFENBARGER, R. S., WING, A. L., & HYDE, R. T.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- PAFFENBARGER, RALPH S.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1978-09
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 161-175
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W2147078612
- Cited by
- 1,980
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 56 · 2012: 54
- FWCI
- 17.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- physical activity, myocardial infarction risk, myocardial infarction, energy expenditure, university alumni, varsity athletes, cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Connecticut, Coronary Disease, Physical Exertion, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Physical Fitness, Retrospective Studies, Risk, Smoking, Sports
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