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Cited by 5,180Particle physics theoretical and experimental studiesQuantum Chromodynamics and Particle InteractionsParticle Detector Development and Performance

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Review of Particle Physics

Open access
Particle Data Group, Zyla, P A, Barnett, R M, Beringer, J, Dahl, O, Dwyer, D A, Groom, D E, Lin, C -J, Lugovsky, K S, Pianori, E, Robinson, D J, Wohl, C G, Yao, W -M, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Allanach, B C, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Aschenauer, E C, Asner, D M, Baer, H, Banerjee, Sw, Baudis, L, Bauer, C W, Beatty, J J, Belousov, V I, Bethke, S, Bettini, A, Biebel, O, Black, K M, Blucher, E, Buchmuller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M A, Cahn, R N, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chivukula, R Sekhar, Cowan, G, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvêa, A, DeGrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B A, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H K, Eerola, P, Egede, U, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B D, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H -J, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A A, Gonzalez-Garcia, M C, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A V, Grojean, C, Grünewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H E, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Heltsley, B, Hernández-Rey, J J, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Höcker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Johnson, K F, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U F, Kenzie, M, Khoze, V A, Klein, S R, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R V, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lellouch, L P, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, A R, Ligeti, Z, Lippmann, C, Liss, T M, Littenberg, L, Lourengo, C, Lugovsky, S B, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A V, Marciano, W J, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meißner, U -G, Mikhasenko, M, Miller, D J, Milstead, D, Mitchell, R E, Mönig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K A, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J A, Petcov, S T, Petrov, V A, Pich, A, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Profumo, S, Quadt, A, Rabbertz, K, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ramani, H, Ramsey-Musolf, M, Ratcliff, B N, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L J, Rosner, J L, Rybka, G, Ryskin, M, Ryutin, R A, Sakai, Y, Salam, G P, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A J, Schwiening, J, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S R, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjöstrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smoot, G F, Soffer, A, Sozzi, M S, Spanier, S, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, S L, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M J, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Tanaka, J, Taševský, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thoma, U, Thorne, R S, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N P, Tovey, D R, Trabelsi, K, Urquijo, P, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vincter, M G, Vogel, P, Vogelsang, W, Vogt, A, Vorobyev, V, Wakely, S P, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C W, Wands, D, Wascko, M O, Weinberg, D H, Weinberg, E J, White, M, Wiencke, L R, Willocq, S, Woody, C L, Workman, R L, Yokoyama, M, Yoshida, R, Zanderighi, G, Zeller, G P, Zenin, O V, Zhu, R -Y, Zhu, S -L, Zimmermann, F, Anderson, J, Basaglia, T, Lugovsky, V S, Schaffner, P, Zheng, W·2020·Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics
DOI 10.1093/ptep/ptaa104
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Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,324 new measurements from 878 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on High Energy Soft QCD and Diffraction and one on the Determination of CKM Angles from B Hadrons. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 98 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 22 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print and as a web version optimized for use on phones as well as an Android app.

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Authors
Particle Data Group, Zyla, P. A., Barnett, R. M., Beringer, J., Dahl, O., Dwyer, D. A., Groom, D. E., Lin, C. J., Lugovsky, K. S., Pianori, E., Robinson, D. J., Wohl, C. G., Yao, W. M., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Allanach, B. C., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Aschenauer, E. C., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, S., Baudis, L., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V, Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvêa, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Eerola, P., Egede, U., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Kenzie, M., Khoze, V. A., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lellouch, L. P., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A. R., Ligeti, Z., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lourengo, C., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U. G., Mikhasenko, M., Miller, D. J., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Mönig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pich, A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Profumo, S., Quadt, A., Rabbertz, K., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ramani, H., Ramsey-Musolf, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryskin, M., Ryutin, R. A., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Schwiening, J., Scott, D., Sharma, V, Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smoot, G. F., Soffer, A., Sozzi, M. S., Spanier, S., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Tanaka, J., Taševský, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tovey, D. R., Trabelsi, K., Urquijo, P., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogelsang, W., Vogt, A., Vorobyev, V, Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Wascko, M. O., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yokoyama, M., Yoshida, R., Zanderighi, G., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. Y., Zhu, S. L., Zimmermann, F., Anderson, J., Basaglia, T., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., & Zheng, W.
Affiliations
  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
  • Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
  • University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
  • Austrian Academy of Sciences (AT)
  • Brookhaven National Laboratory (US)
  • University of Louisville (US)
  • Institute for High Energy Physics (RU)
  • Max-Planck-Institute of Physics, Munich, Germany
  • University of Padua (IT)
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
  • University of Chicago (US)
  • Imperial College, High Energy Physics Group, Blackett Laboratory, London, UK
  • Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (US)
  • Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
  • University of Sussex (GB)
  • Northern Illinois University (US)
  • Royal Holloway University of London (GB)
  • INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
  • National University of General San Martín (AR)
  • UNSAM - Universidad Nacional de San Martin, International Center for Advanced Studies (ICAS) and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas (ICIFI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Northwestern University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Evanston, IL, USA
  • University of Colorado Boulder (US)
  • Nikhef and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, UK
  • University of Bonn (DE)
  • University of Helsinki (FI)
  • Novosibirsk State University (RU)
  • King's College London (GB)
  • Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
  • Institute for High Energy Physics, C'OMPAS Group, Protvino, Russia
  • University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
  • Universität Hamburg (DE)
  • Tufts University (US)
  • Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
  • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
  • University of Minnesota, School of Physics and Astronomy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
  • CN Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
  • Argonne National Laboratory (US)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • University College Dublin (IE)
  • Kyung Hee University (KR)
  • University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
  • Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE)
  • High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (JP)
  • Heidelberg University (DE)
  • Universidad de Cantabria (ES)
  • Universitat de València (ES)
  • IFIC — Instituto de Física Corpuscular, Universitat de Valencia — C.S.I.C., Valencia, Spain
  • Tohoku University (JP)
  • Nagoya University (JP)
  • European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH)
  • Tokyo Metropolitan University (JP)
  • Florida State University (US)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Department of Particle Physics, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
  • Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
  • Durham University (GB)
  • University of Basel (CH)
  • Yonsei University (KR)
  • University College London (GB)
  • Institute of Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH, Aachen, Germany
  • University of Lisbon (PT)
  • City College of New York (US)
  • Scuola Normale Superiore (IT)
  • Universitè catholique de Louvain, Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology (CPS), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  • Universität Siegen, Department für Physik, Siegen, Germany
  • Louisiana State University (US)
  • Stockholm University (SE)
  • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY (DE)
  • DESY, Zeuthen, Germany
  • Ghent University (BE)
  • Brown University (US)
  • Universidad de Granada (ES)
  • Johannes Gutenberg University, PRISMA Cluster of Excellence and Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Mainz, Germany
  • Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
  • University of Minnesota (US)
  • Royal Observatory (GB)
  • Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (IT)
  • Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
  • Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Fisica, Barcelona, Spain
  • Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
  • University of Bristol (GB)
  • Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
  • United States Department of Energy (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
  • École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
  • Duke University (US)
  • GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (DE)
  • University of British Columbia (CA)
  • SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
  • Lund University (SE)
  • Monash University (AU)
  • University of Pisa (IT)
  • Syracuse University (US)
  • International Center for Elementary Particle Physics (JP)
  • Czech Academy of Sciences (CZ)
  • Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
  • The University of Melbourne (AU)
  • Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA
  • University of Illinois Chicago (US)
  • Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
  • California Institute of Technology (US)
  • University of Liverpool (GB)
  • University of Siegen (DE)
  • Imperial College London (GB)
  • The Ohio State University (US)
  • Colorado School of Mines (US)
  • Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (JP)
  • Peking University (CN)
  • Institute of High Energy Physics (CN)
ORCID
Venue
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2020-08
Volume
2020
Issue
8
Pages
083C01
ISSN
2050-3911 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ptep/ptaa104
OpenAlex
W3108284800
Cited by
5,180
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 105 · 2025: 323 · 2024: 481 · 2023: 876 · 2022: 1759 · 2021: 1402 · 2020: 161
FWCI
466.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
public-domain
Locations
  • Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (publishedVersion, public-domain)
  • Civil War Book Review (publishedVersion)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (publishedVersion)
  • Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
  • HAL AMU (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DESY Publication Database (PUBDB) (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Desy Publications Database (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
  • edoc (University of Basel) (submittedVersion)
  • Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
  • Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
  • Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
  • OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
  • GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • GSI Repository (German Federal Government) (submittedVersion)
  • Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
  • Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (submittedVersion, public-domain)
  • Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
  • Use Siena air (University of Siena) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DESY Publication Database (PUBDB) (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron)
  • ETH Zürich Research Collection
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Energy (DE–AC02–05CH11231)
  • CERN
  • MEXT
  • Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
  • Physical Society of Japan
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle Detector Development and Performance
Keywords
particle physics, particle properties, gauge bosons, Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, baryons, supersymmetry, heavy bosons, axions, dark photon, neutrino mixing, dark energy, dark matter, cosmology, particle detectors, particle colliders, CKM angles, b hadrons, soft QCD, diffraction, search limits

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