The Effects of Police Violence on Inner-City Students*
Open accessAbstract
Nearly 1,000 officer-involved killings occur each year in the United States. This article documents the large, racially disparate effects of these events on the educational and psychological well-being of Los Angeles public high school students. Exploiting hyperlocal variation in how close students live to a killing, I find that exposure to police violence leads to persistent decreases in GPA, increased incidence of emotional disturbance, and lower rates of high school completion and college enrollment. These effects are driven entirely by black and Hispanic students in response to police killings of other minorities and are largest for incidents involving unarmed individuals.
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Crisis calls, if mishandled, can generate significant externalities, from community distrust to legal risks.
“Crisis calls, if mishandled, can generate significant externalities, from community distrust to legal risks (Bor et al., 2018;Ang, 2020;Ang et al., 2024).”
From What is the Best Response? Examining the Impact of Police and Their Alternatives (2025) · cites this paper as Ang, 2020
In 2022, the Durham Community Safety Department launched HEART to provide alternatives to a police-only response for nonviolent mental health crises and quality-of-life-related concerns, with the aim of reducing unnecessary police involvement.
“In 2022, the Durham Community Safety Department launched HEART to provide alternatives to a police-only response for nonviolent mental health crises and quality-of-liferelated concerns, with the aim of reducing unnecessary police involvement 4 .”
From What is the Best Response? Examining the Impact of Police and Their Alternatives (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
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References 115 · Cited by 226
- Authors
- Ang, D.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ang, Desmond
- ORCID
- Ang, Desmond
- Venue
- The Quarterly Journal of Economics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-09-09
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 115-168
- ISSN
- 0033-5533 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-4650
- OpenAlex
- W3084051484
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 101.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- The Quarterly Journal of Economics (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
- Keywords
- police brutality, inner-city students, racial disparities, educational outcomes, GPA, emotional disturbance, high school graduation, college enrollment, Black students, Hispanic students, psychological well-being
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