The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Estimating Cross-Country Differences in Product Quality*
Abstract
We develop a method for decomposing countries' observed export prices into quality versus quality-adjusted components using information contained in trade balances. Holding observed export prices constant, countries with trade surpluses are inferred to offer higher quality than countries running trade deficits. We account for variation in trade balances induced by horizontal and vertical differentiation, and we estimate the evolution of manufacturing quality for top exporters from 1989 to 2003. We find that observed unit value ratios can be a poor approximation for relative quality differences, countries' quality is converging more rapidly than their income, and countries appear to vary in terms of displaying “high-quality” versus “low-price” growth strategies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
“A Model of Growth: Through Creative Destruction”
Aghion, P., & Howitt, P. (1992) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/2951599 · Cited by 7,529
Distributional Effects of Globalization in Developing Countries
Goldberg, P. K., & Pavcnik, N. (2007) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.45.1.39 · Cited by 539
Cited by
Exports, Export Destinations, and Skills
Brambilla, I., Lederman, D., & Porto, G. (2012) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.102.7.3406 · Cited by 353
Nonhomotheticity and Bilateral Trade: Evidence and a Quantitative Explanation
(2011) · Econometrica · doi:10.3982/ecta8346 · Cited by 349
Metadata
- Authors
- Hallak, J. C., & Schott, P. K.
- Venue
- The Quarterly Journal of Economics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 126
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 417-474
- ISSN
- 0033-5533 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-4650
- OpenAlex
- W2146840075
- Cited by
- 535
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 109.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Estimating Cross-Country Differences in Product Quality*. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/qje/qjq003
- The paper
- Hallak, J. C., & Schott, P. K. (2011). Estimating Cross-Country Differences in Product Quality*. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjq003
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.