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Cited by 22Diabetes Management and ResearchAlcohol Consumption and Health EffectsDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

The influence of liberal alcohol consumption on glucose metabolism in patients with type 1 diabetes: a pilot study

Kerr, D., Penfold, S., Zouwail, S., Thomas, P., Begley, J.·2008·QJM
DOI 10.1093/qjmed/hcn163
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the consequences of excessive alcohol ingestion in patients with type 1 diabetes. AIM: To examine the metabolic effects of acute ingestion of liberal amounts of alcohol in patients with type 1 diabetes. DESIGN: A pilot study using a randomized, placebo controlled, double blind design in Hospital Clinical Research Unit. METHODS: The study included 10 patients with type 1 diabetes (seven male, age 43.9 +/- 9.0 years, duration of diabetes 17.3 +/- 13.8 years, HbA(1c) 8.0 +/- 1.5%) who had a standard 600-calorie lunch on two separate occasions, together with either white wine (men eight units, women six units), or an equivalent volume of alcohol-free wine. Bloods were collected before lunch and hourly for 4 h for glucose, intermediary metabolites, counter-regulatory hormones and inflammatory markers. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between alcohol and alcohol-free days in levels of glucose, triglycerides, free fatty acids, glycerol, cortisol and growth hormone. In contrast, lactate levels rose in response to the meal but with alcohol the overall response was augmented (P = 0.014). Beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were suppressed post-prandially on the alcohol-free day but were significantly elevated with alcohol (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A rise in ketones following alcohol ingestion occurred despite subjects being in a strictly controlled environment with no interruption in insulin administration. Such individuals might be at risk of significant ketosis in less-controlled circumstances where insulin administration might be more erratic. Patient education material should contain information to highlight these potential problems.

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  • Alcohol promotes ketosis, which in the context of consumption of sugary alcoholic beverages, may increase the risk of DKA.

    “Alcohol promotes ketosis, which in the context of consumption of sugary alcoholic beverages, may increase the risk of DKA (136).”

    From The management of type 1 diabetes in adults. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) (2021) · cites this paper as [136]

    The Conclusions (page not available) report elevated post-meal β-hydroxybutyrate after alcohol consumption, and the Introduction raises the possibility of ketoacidosis when excessive drinking is combined with lax diabetic control. The paper does not address sugary alcoholic beverages or establish that their sugar content increases DKA risk. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 23

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Cited by

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Authors
Kerr, D., Penfold, S., Zouwail, S., Thomas, P., & Begley, J.
Affiliations
Royal Bournemouth Hospital (GB)
ORCID
Venue
QJM
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2008-09-10
Volume
102
Issue
3
Pages
169-174
ISSN
  • 0033-5622 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2725
  • 1460-2393
DOI
10.1093/qjmed/hcn163
OpenAlex
W2118719826
Cited by
22
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2013: 3
FWCI
0.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • QJM (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Wessex Medical Research
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
type 1 diabetes, alcohol consumption, white wine, glucose metabolism, beta-hydroxybutyrate, ketosis, counterregulatory hormones, cortisol, growth hormone, triglycerides, free fatty acids, glycerol, insulin therapy
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcohol Drinking, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Double-Blind Method, England, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Wine, Young Adult

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