The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Backlash: The Unintended Effects of Language Prohibition in U.S. Schools after World War I
Abstract
Do forced assimilation policies always succeed in integrating immigrant groups? This article examines how a specific assimilation policy—language restrictions in elementary school—affects integration and identification with the host country later in life. After World War I, several U.S. states barred the German language from their schools. Affected individuals were less likely to volunteer in World War II and more likely to marry within their ethnic group and to choose decidedly German names for their offspring. Rather than facilitating the assimilation of immigrant children, the policy instigated a backlash, heightening the sense of cultural identity among the minority.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
How Much Should We Trust Differences-in-Differences Estimates?
Bertrand, M., Duflo, E., & Mullainathan, S. (2004) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355304772839588 · Cited by 10,641
Benabou, R., & Tirole, J. (2011) · doi:10.3386/w17579 · Cited by 227
FISMAN, R., IYENGAR, S. S., KAMENICA, E., & SIMONSON, I. (2008) · Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-937x.2007.00465.x · Cited by 189
Cited by
Understanding Cultural Persistence and Change
Giuliano, P., & Nunn, N. (2021) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1093/restud/rdaa074 · Cited by 336
Bursztyn, L., & Yang, D. Y. (2022) · Annual Review of Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-051520-023322 · Cited by 117
Hassan, M., Mattingly, D., & Nugent, E. R. (2022) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-013321 · Cited by 113
It’s All in the Name: A Character-Based Approach to Infer Religion
Chaturvedi, R., & Chaturvedi, S. (2024) · Political Analysis · doi:10.1017/pan.2023.6 · Cited by 18
Metadata
- Authors
- Fouka, V.
- Venue
- The Review of Economic Studies
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2019-05-26
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 204-239
- ISSN
- 0034-6527 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-937X
- OpenAlex
- W2902608494
- Cited by
- 256
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 43.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
