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Cited by 1,384

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Why Don’t Issuers Get Upset About Leaving Money on the Table in IPOs?

Open access
Loughran, Tim, Ritter, Jay R.·2002·Review of Financial Studies

Abstract

One of the puzzles regarding initial public offerings (IPOs) is that issuers rarely get upset about leaving substantial amounts of money on the table, defined as the number of shares sold times the difference between the first-day closing market price and the offer price. The average IPO leaves $9.1 million on the table. This number is approximately twice as large as the fees paid to investment bankers and represents a substantial indirect cost to the issuing firm. We present a prospect theory model that focuses on the covariance of the money left on the table and wealth changes. Our reasoning also provides an explanation for a second puzzling pattern: much more money is left on the table following recent market rises than after market falls. This results in an explanation of hot issue markets. We also offer a new explanation for why IPOs are underpriced.

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Metadata

Authors
Loughran, T., & Ritter, J. R.
Venue
Review of Financial Studies
Published
2002-01-02
Volume
15
Issue
2
Pages
413-444
ISSN
  • 0893-9454 (ISSN-L)
  • 1465-7368
OpenAlex
W3126029451
Cited by
1,384
References
1
FWCI
91.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Why Don’t Issuers Get Upset About Leaving Money on the Table in IPOs? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/rfs/15.2.413
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Loughran, T., & Ritter, J. R. (2002). Why Don’t Issuers Get Upset About Leaving Money on the Table in IPOs? Review of Financial Studies. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/15.2.413

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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