The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 85 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Feeling and Time: The Phenomenology of Mood Disorders, Depressive Realism, and Existential Psychotherapy
Open accessAbstract
Phenomenological research suggests that pure manic and depressive states are less common than mixtures of the two and that the two poles of mood are characterized by opposite ways of experiencing time. In mania, the subjective experience of time is sped up and in depression it is slowed down, perhaps reflecting differences in circadian pathophysiology. The two classic mood states are also quite different in their effect on subjective awareness: manic patients lack insight into their excitation, while depressed patients are quite insightful into their unhappiness. Consequently, insight plays a major role in overdiagnosis of unipolar depression and misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder. The phenomenology of depression also is relevant to types of psychotherapies used to treat it. The depressive realism (DR) model, in contrast to the cognitive distortion model, appears to better apply to many persons with mild to moderate depressive syndromes. I suggest that existential psychotherapy is the necessary corollary of the DR model in those cases. Further, some depressive morbidities may in fact prove, after phenomenological study, to involve other mental states instead of depression. The chronic sub-syndromal depression that is often the long-term consequence of treated bipolar disorder may in fact represent existential despair, rather than depression proper, again suggesting intervention with existential psychotherapeutic methods.
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“In light of evidence supporting a relationship between depressive disorders and death anxiety, a considerable body of evidence supports the use of existential therapies to address the existential fears that often underlie depressive disorders (Ghaemi, 2007;Stalsett, Gude, Ronnestad, & Monsen, 2012).”
From Death anxiety and its role in psychopathology: Reviewing the status of a transdiagnostic construct (2014) · cites this paper as Ghaemi, 2007
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“Depressive disorders may be associated with, or exacerbated by, existential despair and lack of meaning (Ghaemi, 2007;Havens & Ghaemi, 2005;Simon, Arndt, Greenberg, Solomon, & Pyszczynski, 1998).”
From Death anxiety and its role in psychopathology: Reviewing the status of a transdiagnostic construct (2014) · cites this paper as Ghaemi, 2007
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Cites
Cognitive Therapy for Depression
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The Long-term Natural History of the Weekly Symptomatic Status of Bipolar I Disorder
Judd, L. L., Akiskal, H. S., Schettler, P. J., Endicott, J., Maser, J., Solomon, D. A., Leon, A. C., Rice, J. A., & Keller, M. B. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.6.530 · Cited by 2,106
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Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 85 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
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Time Perception in Psychiatric Disorders
Marazziti, D., Gambini, M., Pescini, E., & Gurrieri, R. (2026) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2026.01.008
Hajnal, A., Levenberg, K., Адам, П., & Chen, C. H. (2026) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-026-01995-3
Osećaj praznine i njegovo mesto u psihopatologiji
Urosevic, S. (2023) · Agrafa - Časopis za filozofiju psihoanalize · doi:10.46793/agrafa5.145u
Beyond stagnation and acceleration: the shared atemporal core of bipolar experience
Saroka, V., Schnitzler, T., Potępa, E., Rucińska, Z., & Moskalewicz, M. (2026) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2026.2736741
Metadata
- Authors
- Ghaemi, S. N.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ghaemi, S. N.
- ORCID
- Ghaemi, S. N.
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-12-07
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 122-130
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1701
- PMC
- PMC2632297
- OpenAlex
- W2116804822
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 21.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-64189, K23MH064189)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy
- Keywords
- phenomenology of depression, mood disorders
- MeSH terms
- Awareness, Bipolar Disorder, Circadian Rhythm, Cognition Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Diagnostic Errors, Emotions, Existentialism, Humans, Internal-External Control, Neuropsychological Tests, Perceptual Distortion, Psychotherapy, Reality Testing, Self Concept, Time Perception, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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