What Are the Components of CBT for Psychosis? A Delphi Study
Open accessAbstract
There is strong evidence supporting the implementation of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for people with psychosis. However, there are a variety of approaches to the delivery and conceptual underpinnings within different research groups, and the degree of consensus or disagreement regarding what are the intrinsic components has not been explored. This study uses the Delphi method to try to establish what a group of experts in CBT for psychosis view as important. Experts were invited to participate in 3 rounds of producing and rating statements that addressed areas such as principles, assessment, models, formulation, change strategies, homework, and therapists' assumptions in order to consolidate consensus of opinion. Seventy-seven items were endorsed as important or essential for CBT for psychosis by >80% of the panel. These recommendations should ensure greater fidelity in clinical practice, allow greater evaluation of adherence within clinical trials, facilitate the development of competency frameworks, and be of value in relation to training and dissemination of CBT for psychosis.
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Psychological therapies including cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis and third-wave therapies such as acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness all have a normalizing and accepting approach to persistent psychotic experiences as a central tenet.
“Psychological therapies (including cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis and third-wave therapies such as acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness) all have a normalizing and accepting approach to PEs as a central tenet 76,77”
From Clinical, socio‐demographic and psychological characteristics in individuals with persistent psychotic experiences with and without a “need for care” (2016) · cites this paper as [76]
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References 26 · Cited by 212
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [8]Chadwick PD, Birchwood MJ, Trower P. Cognitive Therapy for Delusions, Voices and Paranoia. Chichester, UK: Wiley; 1996. [Google Scholar]
- [15]National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Schizophrenia: core interventions in the treatment and management of schizophrenia in primary and secondary care. London, UK: Author, 2009. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Authors
- Morrison, A. P., & Barratt, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Morrison, A. P.
- ORCID
- Morrison, A. P.
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-10-30
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 136-142
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1701
- PMC
- PMC2800146
- OpenAlex
- W2159711454
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- psychosis
- MeSH terms
- Delphi Technique, United Kingdom, Humans, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Evidence-Based Practice, Secondary Prevention
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