The DOI matches its Crossref record; 142 of the 142 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Genetic Relationships Between Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizoaffective Disorder
Open accessAbstract
There is substantial evidence for partial overlap of genetic influences on schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, with family, twin, and adoption studies showing a genetic correlation between the disorders of around 0.6. Results of genome-wide association studies are consistent with commonly occurring genetic risk variants, contributing to both the shared and nonshared aspects, while studies of large, rare chromosomal structural variants, particularly copy number variants, show a stronger influence on schizophrenia than bipolar disorder to date. Schizoaffective disorder has been less investigated but shows substantial familial overlap with both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A twin analysis is consistent with genetic influences on schizoaffective episodes being entirely shared with genetic influences on schizophrenic and manic episodes, while association studies suggest the possibility of some relatively specific genetic influences on broadly defined schizoaffective disorder, bipolar subtype. Further insights into genetic relationships between these disorders are expected as studies continue to increase in sample size and in technical and analytical sophistication, information on phenotypes beyond clinical diagnoses are increasingly incorporated, and approaches such as next-generation sequencing identify additional types of genetic risk variant.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Social Work · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,519
The Endophenotype Concept in Psychiatry: Etymology and Strategic Intentions
Gottesman, I. I., & Gould, T. D. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.636 · Cited by 5,615
The American Journal of Human Genetics
S., J. (1950) · Population (French Edition) · doi:10.2307/1523704 · Cited by 5,028
Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
The International Schizophrenia Consortium (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08185 · Cited by 4,821
Yatham, L., & Malhi, G. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780199562305.001.0001 · Cited by 3,506
Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: the seven pillars of RDoC
Cuthbert, B. N., & Insel, T. R. (2013) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-126 · Cited by 3,053
(2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)62129-1 · Cited by 3,010
The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, U.K.
Mossman, K. (2008) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0108-42a · Cited by 2,684
Large-scale copy number polymorphism in the human genome
Sebat, J., Lakshmi, B., Troge, J., Alexander, J., Young, J., Lundin, P., Månér, S., Massa, H., Walker, M., Chi, M., et al. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1098918 · Cited by 2,557
Schizophrenia as a Complex Trait: Evidence From a Meta-analysis of Twin Studies
Sullivan, P. F., Kendler, K. S., & Neale, M. C. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.12.1187 · Cited by 2,356
Cited by
Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., Bagby, R. M., Brown, T. A., Carpenter, W. T., Caspi, A., Clark, L. A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000258 · Cited by 3,335
Doherty, J. L., & Owen, M. J. (2014) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/gm546 · Cited by 228
Self-citationEvening chronotype as a discrete clinical subphenotype in bipolar disorder
Romo-Nava, F., Blom, T. J., Cuellar-Barboza, A. B., Winham, S. J., Colby, C. L., Nunez, N. A., Biernacka, J. M., Frye, M. A., & McElroy, S. L. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.151 · Cited by 63
Childhood IQ and risk of bipolar disorder in adulthood: prospective birth cohort study
Smith, D. J., Anderson, J., Zammit, S., Meyer, T. D., Pell, J. P., & Mackay, D. (2015) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.000455 · Cited by 54
Ellis, S. E., Panitch, R., West, A. B., & Arking, D. E. (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.87 · Cited by 48
Metadata
- Authors
- Cardno, A. G., & Owen, M. J.
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-02-24
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 504-515
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1701
- OpenAlex
- W2142997789
- Cited by
- 286
- References
- 142
- FWCI
- 14.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Genetic Relationships Between Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizoaffective Disorder. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/schbul/sbu016
- The paper
- Cardno, A. G., & Owen, M. J. (2014). Genetic Relationships Between Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizoaffective Disorder. Schizophrenia Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbu016
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
