An Instrument to Measure Functional Status Outcomes for Disorders of Excessive Sleepiness
Abstract
This article reports the development of the functional outcomes of sleep questionnaire (FOSQ). This is the first self-report measure designed to assess the impact of disorders of excessive sleepiness (DOES) on multiple activities of everyday living. Three samples were used in the development and psychometric analyses of the FOSQ: Sample 1 (n = 153) consisted of individuals seeking medical attention for a sleep problem and persons of similar age and gender having no sleep disorder; samples 2 (n = 24) and 3 (n = 51) were composed of patients from two medical centers diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Factor analysis of the FOSQ yielded five factors: activity level, vigilance, intimacy and sexual relationships, general productivity, and social outcome. Internal reliability was excellent for both the subscales (alpha = 0.86 to alpha = 0.91) and the total scale (alpha = 0.95). Test-retest reliability of the FOSQ yielded coefficients ranging from r = 0.81 to r = 0.90 for the five subscales and r = 0.90 for the total measure. The FOSQ successfully discriminated between normal subjects and those seeking medical attention for a sleep problem (T157 = -5.88, p = 0.0001). This psychometric evaluation of the FOSQ demonstrated parameters acceptable for its application in research and in clinical practice to measure functional status outcomes for persons with DOES. Thus, the FOSQ can be used to determine how disorders of excessive sleepiness affect patients' abilities to conduct…
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The FOSQ showed moderate correlations with related domains of the SF-36 and the Sickness Impact Profile.
“The FOSQ showed moderate correlations with related domains of the SF-36 and the Sickness Impact Profile.”
From International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023) · cites this paper as [442]
Validated functional status and quality-of-life measures most used in clinical and research settings include the ESS, SAQLI, FOSQ, and PSQI.
“Validated functional status and QOL measures most used in the clinical and research settings include the ESS,436 Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index (SAQLI),437–441 Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ),437,441,442 and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).443”
From International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023) · cites this paper as [442]
The FOSQ and SAQLI demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (ICC ≥ 0.9).
“The FOSQ and SAQLI demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability (ICC ≥ 0.9)439,440,442”
From International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023) · cites this paper as [442]
Discriminant validity was present for the ESS, PSQI, and FOSQ, but was not reported for the SAQLI.
“Discriminant validity was present for the ESS, PSQI, and FOSQ, but was not reported for the SAQLI.”
From International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023) · cites this paper as [442]
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References 23 · Cited by 881
- Authors
- Weaver, T. E., Laizner, A. M., Evans, L. K., Maislin, G., Chugh, D. K., Lyon, K., Smith, P. L., Schwartz, A. R., Redline, S. S., Pack, A. I., & Dinges, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Terri E. Weaver
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1997-10-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 835-43
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- OpenAlex
- W122285468
- Cited by
- 881
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 5.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pennsylvania
- National Institutes of Health (5r29hl053991-04, 5p50hl042236-10, RR00040)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1-R29-HL-53991-01A1, HL42236)
- National Center for Research Resources (5-MO1-RR-00040, M01RR000040)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- functional status, Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, self-report measures, activities of daily living, obstructive sleep apnea, psychometric validation, treatment outcome assessment
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Female, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Sleep, REM, Reproducibility of Results, Body Mass Index
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