Rethinking phylogenetic comparative methods

Cited by (315)

Items 101–200 of 315

1. Evaluating the Performance of Widely Used Phylogenetic Models for Gene Expression Evolution
   Jose Rafael Dimayacyac, Shanyun Wu, Daohan Jiang, Matt Pennell · 2023 · Genome Biology and Evolution
2. How sensitive are climatic niche inferences to distribution data sampling? A comparison of Biota of North America Program (BONAP) and Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) datasets
   Jocelyn Pender, Andrew L. Hipp, Marlene Hahn, John Kartesz, Misako Nishino, Julian R. Starr · 2019 · Ecological Informatics
3. Seasonal Timing of Spermatogenesis and Mating in Squamates: A Reinterpretation
   Robert D. Aldridge, Dustin S. Siegel, Stephen R. Goldberg, R. Alexander Pyron · 2020 · Copeia
4. Null hypotheses for developmental evolution
   Samuel Church, Cassandra G. M. Extavour · 2020 · Development
5. Evolutionary Sample Size and Consilience in Phylogenetic Comparative Analysis
   Gardner, Jacob D, Organ, Chris L · 2021 · Systematic Biology
6. Opposing effects of plant traits on diversification
   Bruce Anderson, John R. Pannell, Sylvain Billiard, Concetta Burgarella, Hugo de Boer, Mathilde Dufaÿ, Andrew J. Helmstetter, Marcos Méndez, Sarah Perin Otto, Denis Roze et al. · 2023 · iScience
7. The respiratory system influences flight mechanics in soaring birds
   Emma R. Schachner, Andrew Moore, Aracely Martinez, Raúl E. Díaz, Scott Echols, Jessie Atterholt, Roger W. P. Kissane, Brandon P. Hedrick, Karl Thomas Bates · 2024 · Nature
8. Language follows a distinct mode of extra-genomic evolution
   Balthasar Bickel, Anne‐Lise Giraud, Klaus Zuberbühler, Carel P. van Schaik · 2024 · Physics of Life Reviews
9. Multiple factors behind early diversification of skull morphology in the continental radiation of New World monkeys
   Leandro Arístide, Paul Bastide, Sérgio F. dos Reis, Thaís Maria Pires dos Santos, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes, S. Iván Pérez · 2018 · Evolution
10. Robust Phylogenetic Regression
    Richard H. Jr. Adams, Zoe Cain, Raquel Assis, Michael DeGiorgio · 2023 · Systematic Biology
11. Phylogenetic generalized linear mixed modeling presents novel opportunities for eco‐evolutionary synthesis
    Amanda S. Gallinat, William D. Pearse · 2021 · Oikos
12. Complex Ecological Phenotypes on Phylogenetic Trees: A Markov Process Model for Comparative Analysis of Multivariate Count Data
    Michael C. Gründler, Daniel L. Rabosky · 2020 · Systematic Biology
13. Environmental correlates of morphological diversity in Australian geckos
    Jesca Norris, Reid Tingley, Shai Meiri, David G. Chapple · 2021 · Global Ecology and Biogeography
14. Phylogenomic assessment of the role of hybridization and introgression in trait evolution
    Yaxuan Wang, Zhen Cao, Huw A. Ogilvie, Luay K. Nakhleh · 2021 · PLoS Genetics
15. Pervasive cranial allometry at different anatomical scales and variational levels in extant armadillos
    Kévin Le Verger, Lionel Hautier, Sylvain Gerber, Jérémie Bardin, Frédéric Delsuc, Laureano Raúl González Ruiz, Eli Amson, Guillaume Billet · 2023 · Evolution
16. The interaction of phylogeny and community structure: Linking the community composition and trait evolution of clades
    William D. Pearse, Pierre Legendre, Pedro R. Peres‐Neto, T. Jonathan Davies · 2019 · Global Ecology and Biogeography
17. Phylogenetic Weighting Does Little to Improve the Accuracy of Evolutionary Coupling Analyses
    Adam J. Hockenberry, Claus O. Wilke · 2019 · Entropy
18. Segmental Series and Size: Clade-Wide Investigation of Molar Proportions Reveals a Major Evolutionary Allometry in the Dentition of Placental Mammals
    Guillaume Billet, Jérémie Bardin · 2021 · Systematic Biology
19. Flight hampers the evolution of weapons in birds
    João C. T. Menezes, Alexandre V. Palaoro · 2022 · Ecology Letters
20. How do complex animal signals evolve?
    Chad M. Eliason · 2018 · PLoS Biology
21. Sodium‐powered stators of the bacterial flagellar motor can generate torque in the presence of phenamil with mutations near the peptidoglycan‐binding region
    Tsubasa Ishida, Rie Ito, Jessica Clark, Nicholas Joseph Matzke, Yoshiyuki Sowa, Matthew A. B. Baker · 2019 · Molecular Microbiology
22. A simple hierarchical model for heterogeneity in the evolutionary correlation on a phylogenetic tree
    Liam J. Revell, Ken S. Toyama, D. Luke Mahler · 2022 · PeerJ
23. Evolutionary paths toward multi-level convergence of lactic acid bacteria in fructose-rich environments
    Naoki Konno, Shintaro Maeno, Yasuhiro Tanizawa, Masanori Arita, Akihito Endo, Wataru Iwasaki · 2024 · Communications Biology
24. Phylogenetic analysis of adaptation in comparative physiology and biomechanics: overview and a case study of thermal physiology in treefrogs
    Daniel S. Moen, Elisa Cabrera‐Guzmán, Itzue W. Caviedes-Solis, Edna González‐Bernal, Allison R. Hanna · 2022 · Journal of Experimental Biology
25. Multiple modes of inference reveal less phylogenetic signal in marsupial basicranial shape compared with the rest of the cranium
    Vera Weisbecker, Robin M. D. Beck, Thomas Guillerme, Arianna R. Harrington, Leonie Lange-Hodgson, Michael S. Y. Lee, Karine Mardon, Matthew J. Phillips · 2023 · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
26. Evolutionary accumulation modeling in AMR: machine learning to infer and predict evolutionary dynamics of multi-drug resistance
    Jessica Renz, Kazeem A. Dauda, Olav N. L. Aga, Ramón Díaz‐Uriarte, Iren Høyland Löhr, Bjørn Blomberg, Iain G. Johnston · 2025 · mBio
27. The cellular substrate of evolutionary novelty
    Joseph Parker, Matthew W. Pennell · 2025 · Current Biology
28. Linking Ecological Specialization to Its Macroevolutionary Consequences: An Example with Passerine Nest Type
    Rosana Zenil‐Ferguson, Jay P. McEntee, J. Gordon Burleigh, Renée A. Duckworth · 2022 · Systematic Biology
29. Urban birds' tolerance towards humans was largely unaffected by COVID-19 shutdown-induced variation in human presence
    Peter Mikula, Martin Bulla, Daniel T. Blumstein, Yanina Benedetti, Kristina Floigl, Jukka Jokimäki, Marja‐Liisa Kaisanlahti‐Jokimäki, Gábor Markó, Federico Morelli, Anders Pape Møller et al. · 2024 · Communications Biology
30. Arid environments select for larger seeds in pines (Pinus spp.)
    Diego F. Salazar‐Tortosa, Jorge Castro, Bianca Saladin, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Rafael Rubio de Casas · 2019 · Evolutionary Ecology
31. Convergent expansions of keystone gene families drive metabolic innovation in Saccharomycotina yeasts
    Kyle T. David, Joshua G. Schraiber, Johnathan G. Crandall, Abigail Leavitt LaBella, Dana A. Opulente, Marie‐Claire Harrison, John F. Wolters, Xiaofan Zhou, Xing‐Xing Shen, Marizeth Groenewald et al. · 2025 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
32. Systematic analysis of the genusEriocaulonL. in India based on molecular and morphological evidence
    Ashwini M. Darshetkar, Mandar N. Datar, KONICKAL MAMBETTA PRABHUKUMAR, Soo-Yong Kim, Shubhada A. Tamhankar, Ritesh Kumar Choudhary · 2021 · Systematics and Biodiversity
33. How to define, use, and interpret Pagel’s λ (lambda) in ecology and evolution
    William D. Pearse, T. Jonathan Davies, E. M. Wolkovich · 2023 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
34. Environmental correlates of phenotypic evolution in ecologically diverse Liolaemus lizards
    Danielle L. Edwards, Luciano Javier Ávila, Lorena Elizabeth Martinez, Jack W. Sites, Mariana M. Morando · 2022 · Ecology and Evolution
35. Among-species variation in hormone concentrations is associated with urban tolerance in birds
    Emma C. C. Sinclair, Paul R. Martin, F. Bonier · 2022 · Proceedings of the Royal Society B
36. Does haplodiploidy help drive the evolution of insect eusociality?
    Chinmay Hemant Joshi, John J. Wiens · 2023 · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
37. The Effects of Ecological Traits on the Rate of Molecular Evolution in Ray-Finned Fishes: A Multivariable Approach
    Jacqueline A. May, Zeny Z. Feng, Matthew G. Orton, Sarah J. Adamowicz · 2020 · Journal of Molecular Evolution
38. Hierarchical Modelling of Haplotype Effects on a Phylogeny
    Maria Lie Selle, Ingelin Steinsland, Finn Lindgren, Vladimir Brajković, Vlatka Čubrić-Ćurik, Gregor Gorjanc · 2021 · Frontiers in Genetics
39. Chameleon biogeographic dispersal is associated with extreme life history strategies
    Sarah‐Sophie Weil, Laure Gallien, Sébastien Lavergne, Luca Börger, Gabriel W. Hassler, Michaël P. J. Nicolaï, William L. Allen · 2022 · Ecography
40. Opportunity begets opportunity to drive macroevolutionary dynamics of a diverse lizard radiation
    Laura R. V. Alencar, Orlando Schwery, Meaghan R. Gade, Saúl F. Domínguez‐Guerrero, Eliza Tarimo, Brooke L. Bodensteiner, Josef C. Uyeda, Martha M. Muñoz · 2024 · Evolution Letters
41. Evolutionary history explains foliar spectral differences between arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal plant species
    Johanna R. Jantzen, Étienne Laliberté, Alexis Carteron, Rosalie Beauchamp‐Rioux, Florence Blanchard, Anna L. Crofts, Alizée Girard, Paul W. Hacker, Juliana Pardo, Anna K. Schweiger et al. · 2023 · New Phytologist
42. The evolution of the dicynodont sacrum: constraint and innovation in the synapsid axial column
    Christopher T. Griffin, Kenneth D. Angielczyk · 2019 · Paleobiology
43. A Tale of Too Many Trees: A Conundrum for Phylogenetic Regression
    Richard H. Jr. Adams, Jenniffer Roa Lozano, Mataya Duncan, Jack E. Green, Raquel Assis, Michael DeGiorgio · 2025 · Molecular Biology and Evolution
44. Evaluating the relative importance of phylogeny and predictors in phylogenetic generalized linear models using the phylolm.hp R package
    Jiangshan Lai, Yan He, Mi Hou, Aiying Zhang, Gang Wang, Lingfeng Mao · 2025 · Acta Botanica Yunnanica
45. Functionally mediated cranial allometry evidenced in a genus of rock-wallabies
    D. Rex Mitchell, Sally Potter, Mark D. B. Eldridge, Meg L. Martin, Vera Weisbecker · 2024 · Biology Letters
46. Plant scent and plant–insect interactions—Review and outlook from a macroevolutionary perspective
    Orlando Schwery, Breanna N. Sipley, Mariana P. Braga, Yan Yang, Roberto Rebollo, Pengjuan Zu · 2022 · Journal of Systematics and Evolution
47. Using Integrative Biology to Infer Adaptation from Comparisons of Two (or a Few) Species
    Christian L. Cox, Michael L. Logan · 2021 · Physiological and Biochemical Zoology
48. Evolution of sexually selected traits across animals
    E J Tuschhoff, John J. Wiens · 2023 · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
49. Did early shifts to bird pollination impose constraints onSalviaflower evolution?
    Federico D. Sazatornil, Juan Fornoni, Itzi Fragoso-Martínez, Rubén Pérez‐Ishiwara, Santiago Benitez‐Vieyra · 2022 · Evolution
50. Parallel likelihood calculation for phylogenetic comparative models: The SPLITT C++ library
    Venelin Mitov, Tanja Stadler · 2018 · Methods in Ecology and Evolution
51. The allometry of proboscis length in Melittidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidae) and an estimate of their foraging distance using museum collections
    Annalie Melin, Harald Wolfgang Krenn, Rauri C. K. Bowie, Colin M. Beale, John Charles Manning, Jonathan F. Colville · 2019 · PLoS ONE
52. Diversification in evolutionary arenas – assessment and synthesis
    Nicolai M. Nürk, Hans Peter Linder, Renske E. Onstein, Matthew J. Larcombe, Colin E. Hughes, Laura Piñeiro Fernández, Philipp M. Schlüter, Luís Valente, Carl Beierkuhnlein, V. Cutts et al. · 2019 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
53. Phylogenomics of the Ecdysteroid Kinase-like (EcKL) Gene Family in Insects Highlights Roles in Both Steroid Hormone Metabolism and Detoxification
    Jack L. Scanlan, Charles Robin · 2024 · Genome Biology and Evolution
54. Small‐ to medium‐sized mammals show greater morphological disparity in cervical than lumbar vertebrae across different terrestrial modes of locomotion
    Nuttakorn Taewcharoen, Rachel Norris, Emma Sherratt · 2024 · Ecology and Evolution
55. Why did the human brain size evolve? A way forward
    Mauricio González-Forero, Aida Gómez‐Robles · 2025 · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
56. Comparative Analysis of Mammalian Adaptive Immune Loci Revealed Spectacular Divergence and Common Genetic Patterns
    Mariia Pospelova, Katalin Voss, Anton Zamyatin, Corey T. Watson, Klaus‐Peter Koepfli, Anton Bankevich, Matthew W. Pennell, Yana Safonova · 2025 · Molecular Biology and Evolution
57. Evolution of brood-site mimicry in Madagascan Impatiens (Balsaminaceae)
    Stefan Abrahamczyk, Aelys M. Humphreys, Felix Trabert, Fabian Droppelmann, Maria Gleichmann, Vera Krieger, Marius Linnartz, Sissi Lozada‐Gobilard, Marie Élisette Rahelivololona, Marian Schubert et al. · 2021 · Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics
58. The Major Features of Macroevolution
    L. Francisco Henao‐Díaz, Matt Pennell · 2023 · Systematic Biology
59. Detecting natural selection in trait-trait coevolution
    Daohan Jiang, Jianzhi Zhang · 2023 · BMC Ecology and Evolution
60. Ecological Predictors of Organelle Genome Evolution: Phylogenetic Correlations with Taxonomically Broad, Sparse, Unsystematized Data
    Konstantinos Giannakis, Luke Richards, Iain G. Johnston · 2024 · Systematic Biology
61. Context Is Key: Comparative Biology Illuminates the Vertebrate Microbiome
    Sarah M. Hird · 2020 · mBio
62. Phylogenetic comparative methods for studying adaptation: the adaptation-inertia framework
    Jason Pienaar, Krzysztof Bartoszek, Bayu Brahmantio, Janna L. Fierst, Jesualdo Arturo Fuentes-González, Thomas F. Hansen, Woodrow Hao Kiang, Bjørn Tore Kopperud, Kjetil Lysne Voje · 2025 · Journal of Evolutionary Biology
63. Shifts in eggshell thickness are related to changes in locomotor ecology in dinosaurs
    Lucas J. Legendre, Julia A. Clarke · 2021 · Evolution
64. The Community Coevolution Model with Application to the Study of Evolutionary Relationships between Genes Based on Phylogenetic Profiles
    Chaoyue Liu, Toby Kenney, Robert Gerald Beiko, Hong Gu · 2022 · Systematic Biology
65. Shape and Size Variation in Elapid Snake Fangs and the Effects of Phylogeny and Diet
    Alessandro Palci, Michael S. Y. Lee, Jenna Margaret Crowe-Riddell, Emma Sherratt · 2023 · Evolutionary Biology
66. From Fairies to Giants: Untangling the Effect of Body Size, Phylogeny, and Ecology on Vertebral Bone Microstructure of Xenarthran Mammals
    Ellianna H. Zack, Stephanie M. Smith, Kenneth D. Angielczyk · 2023 · Integrative Organismal Biology
67. Foraging predicts the evolution of warning coloration and mimicry in snakes
    Yosuke Kojima, Ryosuke K. Ito, Ibuki Fukuyama, Yusaku Ohkubo, Andrew M. Durso · 2024 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
68. The Carnivoran Adaptive Landscape Reveals Trade-offs among Functional Traits in the Skull, Appendicular, and Axial Skeleton
    Chris J. Law, Leslea J. Hlusko, Zhijie Jack Tseng · 2025 · Integrative Organismal Biology
69. An introduction to the special issue: inferring macroevolutionary patterns and processes from microevolutionary mechanisms
    Masahito Tsuboi, Théo Gaboriau, Thibault Latrille · 2024 · Journal of Evolutionary Biology
70. The intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of extinction risk in lemurs (Lemuroidea)
    Clara J. Brandon, William D. Pearse, James P. Herrera · 2024 · Biological Conservation
71. Sexually divergent selection, allometric constraints, and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in cichlids from Lake Tanganyika
    Masahito Tsuboi, Tetsumi Takahashi · 2024 · Journal of Evolutionary Biology
72. Convergence without divergence in North American red-flowering Silene
    Andrea E. Berardi, Ana C. Betancourt Morejón, Robin Hopkins · 2022 · Frontiers in Plant Science
73. Indigenous and introduced Collembola differ in desiccation resistance but not its plasticity in response to temperature
    Steven L. Chown, Charlene Janion‐Scheepers, Angus Marshall, Ian J. Aitkenhead, Rebecca Hallas, WP Amy Liu, Laura M. Phillips · 2022 · Current Research in Insect Science
74. The roles of phylogeny, body size and substrate use in trabecular bone variation among Philippine ‘earthworm mice’ (Rodentia: Chrotomyini)
    Stephanie M. Smith, Dakota M. Rowsey, Jonathan A. Nations, Kenneth D. Angielczyk, Lawrence R. Heaney · 2023 · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
75. Identifying the drivers of computationally detected correlated evolution among sites under antibiotic selection
    Jonathan Dench, Aaron J. Hinz, Stéphane Aris‐Brosou, Rees Kassen · 2019 · Evolutionary Applications
76. Hierarchical modeling of haplotype effects based on a phylogeny
    Maria Lie Selle, Ingelin Steinsland, Finn Lindgren, Vladimir Brajković, Vlatka Čubrić-Ćurik, Gregor Gorjanc · 2020 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
77. Regulation of leaf elemental composition in a subtropical river basin with diverse forest landscapes
    Kundong Bai, Wenjun Li, Shihong Lv, Shiguang Wei, Xueqing Xu · 2024 · Plant and Soil
78. Ecology and sexual conflict drive the macroevolutionary dynamics of female-limited color polymorphisms in damselflies
    Beatriz Willink, Tammy Ai Tian Ho, ERIK I. SVENSSON · 2025 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
79. Sexual selection and speciation: a meta-analysis of comparative studies
    Tim Janicke, Tamra C. Mendelson, Michael Gordon Ritchie, Lucas Marie‐Orleach, Jeanne Tonnabel · 2025 · Evolution Letters
80. Discovery of additional ancient genome duplications in yeasts
    Kyle T. David, Linda C. Horianopoulos, Carla Gonçalves, Jacob Lucas Steenwyk, Ana Pontes, Paula Gonçalves, Chris Todd Hittinger, Matt Pennell, Antonis Rokas · 2026 · Current Biology
81. The interplay of abiotic and biotic factors likely drove one of the fastest plant radiations from tropical–subtropical Asia
    Lihua Yang, Fabien L. Condamine, CHUN-RUI LIN, Yan Liu, Ming Kang · 2025 · Journal of Integrative Plant Biology
82. Of Traits and Trees: Probabilistic Distances under Continuous Trait Models for Dissecting the Interplay among Phylogeny, Model, and Data
    Richard H. Jr. Adams, Heath Blackmon, Michael DeGiorgio · 2021 · Systematic Biology
83. The Evolutionary History of Siphonophore Tentilla: Novelties, Convergence, and Integration
    Alejandro Damian‐Serrano, Steven H. D. Haddock, Casey W. Dunn · 2021 · Integrative Organismal Biology
84. Convergence, Hemiplasy, and Correlated Evolution Impact Morphological Diversity Related to a Web-Less Lifestyle in the Two-Clawed Spiders
    Guilherme H. F. Azevedo, Tierney Bougie, Martín Federico Carboni, Marshal C. Hedin, Martín Javier Ramírez · 2022 · Insect Systematics and Diversity
85. Adult thermoregulatory behaviour does not provide, by itself, an adaptive explanation for the reflectance–climate relationship ( Bogert 's pattern) in Iberian butterflies
    Mario Álamo, Enrique García‐Barros, Helena Romo · 2023 · Ecological Entomology
86. Connecting Species-Specific Extents of Genome Reduction in Mitochondria and Plastids
    Konstantinos Giannakis, Luke Richards, Kazeem A. Dauda, Iain G. Johnston · 2024 · Molecular Biology and Evolution
87. On the scientific credibility of paleoanthropology
    Brian A. Villmoare, William H. Kimbel · 2024 · Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews
88. Microbiomes, Community Ecology, and the Comparative Method
    Sarah M. Hird · 2019 · mSystems
89. Model selection, hummingbird natural history, and biological hypotheses: a response to Sazatornil et al.
    Ricardo Kriebel, Jeffrey P. Rose, Bryan Thomas Drew, Jesús Guadalupe González‐Gallegos, Ferhat Celep, Luciann Heeg, Malik Mohamed Mahdjoub, Kenneth J. Sytsma · 2022 · Evolution
90. On the Selection and Analysis of Clades in Comparative Evolutionary Studies
    Steven Poe, Christopher G. Anderson, Joseph Barnett · 2020 · Systematic Biology
91. Shaped to kill: The evolution of siphonophore tentilla for specialized prey capture in the open ocean
    Alejandro Damian‐Serrano, Steven H. D. Haddock, Casey W. Dunn · 2019 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
92. Dependent variable selection in phylogenetic generalized least squares regression analysis under Pagel's lambda model
    Zhenglin Chen, Hong-Ji Guo, Deng‐Ke Niu · 2023 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
93. Refining estimates of dry body weight from linear measurements in adult moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera)
    Enrique García‐Barros · 2025 · Nota Lepidopterologica
94. Imputation of Fisheries Reference Points for Endangered Data‐Poor Fishes, With Application to Rhino Rays
    Catharine Horswill, Holly K. Kindsvater, Nicholas K. Dulvy, Christopher G. Mull, Aaron B. Judah, Brooke M. D’Alberto, Jason Matthiopoulos, Marc Mangel · 2025 · Fish and Fisheries
95. Evolution of the syrinx of Apodiformes, including the vocal-learning Trochilidae (Aves: Strisores)
    Lucas J. Legendre, Carlos A. Rodríguez‐Saltos, Chad M. Eliason, Julia A. Clarke · 2024 · Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
96. Distinct evolutionary signatures underlie body shape diversity across deep sea habitats
    Elizabeth Christina Miller, Sarah T. Friedman, Christopher M. Martinez · 2025 · Evolution
97. Differing limb functions and their potential influence upon the diversification of the mustelid hindlimb skeleton
    Brandon M. Kilbourne · 2020 · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
98. An evolutionary ecomorphological perspective on the assembly of a neotropical bat metacommunity
    Adriana Carolina Acero-Murcia, Marcos Rafael Severgnini, Erich Arnold Fischer, Diogo B. Provete · 2023 · Journal of Mammalian Evolution
99. Spider silk tensile performance does not correlate with web use
    Jonas O. Wolff · 2024 · Evolution
100. Correlated evolution of categorical characters under a simple model
     Michael C. Gründler · 2024 · Evolution