Rapid Evaluation of Plant Extracts and Essential Oils for Antifungal Activity Against Botrytis cinerea
Abstract
A rapid assay to determine antifungal activity in plant extracts and essential oils is described. Wells in microtiter plates were loaded with Botrytis cinerea spores and plant extracts or essential oils. Subsequent changes in optical density following spore germination in the wells was measured after 24 h using an automatic microtiter plate reader driven by a software program developed for this purpose. Extracts from 345 plants and 49 essential oils were evaluated for their antifungal activity against B. cinerea. Among 345 plant extracts analyzed, 13 showed high levels of antifungal activity, with species of Allium and Capsicum predominating. Among the 49 essential oils tested, palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini), red thyme (Thymus zygis), cinnamon leaf (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), and clove buds (Eugenia caryophyllata) demonstrated the most antifungal activity against B. cinerea. The most frequently occurring constituents in essential oils showing high antifungal activity were: D-limonene, cineole; β-myrcene; α-pinene, β-pinene; and camphor.
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(+)-limonene, cineole, β-myrcene, α-pinene, β-pinene and camphor showed high antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea.
“(+)-limonene, cineole, β -myrcene, α -pinene, β -pinene and camphor showed high antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea (Wilson et al. 1997).”
From Insecticidal, repellent, antimicrobial activity and phytotoxicity of essential oils: With special reference to limonene and its suitability for control of insect pests (2001) · cites this paper as Wilson et al. 1997
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Chapter 2 Pesticides based on plant essential oils: from traditional practice to commercialization
Isman, M. B., & Machial, C. M. (2006) · Advances in Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/s1572-557x(06)03002-9 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
IBRAHIM, M. A., KAINULAINEN, P., & AFLATUNI, A. (2001) · Agricultural and Food Science · doi:10.23986/afsci.5697 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Comparing impacts of plant extracts and pure allelochemicals and implications for pest control.
Opender Koul, O. K., & Suresh Walia, S. W. (2009) · CABI Reviews · doi:10.1079/pavsnnr20094049 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Qiao, L., Sun, R., Tao, Y., & Yan, Y. (2022) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462728 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wilson, C. L., Solar, J. M., El Ghaouth, A., & Wisniewski, M. E.
- Affiliations
- Research Plant Pathologist
- Chemist
- Visiting Scientist
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wilson, C. L.
- ORCID
- Wisniewski, M. E.
- Venue
- Plant Disease
- Publisher
- Scientific Societies
- Published
- 1997-02
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 204-210
- ISSN
- 0191-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-7692
- OpenAlex
- W2061536256
- Cited by
- 484
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 11.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Plant Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Keywords
- Botrytis cinerea, gray mold, antifungal activity, plant extracts, essential oils, spore germination, microtiter plate assay, Allium, Capsicum, Cymbopogon martinii, Thymus zygis, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Syzygium aromaticum, limonene, 1,8-cineole, myrcene, α-pinene, β-pinene, camphor, essential oil constituents
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