Cited by 439Innovations in Medical EducationClinical Reasoning and Diagnostic SkillsEvaluation of Teaching Practices

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What clinical teachers in medicine need to know.

Irby, D M·1994·Academic Medicine

DOI 10.1097/00001888-199405000-00003

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Abstract

In order to identify the components of knowledge that effective clinical teachers of medicine need, the author carried out a qualitative study of six distinguished clinical teachers in general internal medicine in 1991. Using data from interviews, a structured task, and observations of each ward team, he identified six domains of knowledge essential to teaching excellence in the context of teaching rounds: clinical knowledge of medicine, patients, and the context of practice, as well as educational knowledge of learners, general principles of teaching and case-based teaching scripts. When combined, these domains of knowledge allow attending physicians to engage in clinical instructional reasoning and to target their teaching to the specific needs of their learners. The results of this investigation are discussed in relation to both prior research on teacher knowledge, reasoning, and action and faculty development in medicine.

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Authors: Irby, D. M.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Irby, D M
ORCID: Irby, D M
Venue: Academic Medicine
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1994-05
Volume: 69
Issue: 5
Pages: 333-42
ISSN: 1040-2446 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00001888-199405000-00003
OpenAlex: W2094892399
Cited by: 434
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 9.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Academic Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Innovations in Medical Education
Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
Social Sciences › Education › Evaluation of Teaching Practices
Keywords: clinical teaching, teacher knowledge, attending physicians, general internal medicine, teaching rounds, case-based teaching, faculty development, medical education, student needs
MeSH terms: Clinical Competence, Faculty, Medical, Humans, Internal Medicine, Teaching, Models, Educational

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What clinical teachers in medicine need to know.

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