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EEG Brain Mapping in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Assessment of Dementia
Abstract
EEG brain mapping has been proven to be a valuable method in diagnostic and therapeutic assessment in dementia trials, because it is a readily available, inexpensive, high time-resolution method for objective and quantitative evaluation of the neurophysiological aspects of dementias. In 111 mildly to moderately demented patients diagnosed according to DSM-III as both degenerative [senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT)] and vascular [multi-infarct dementia (MID) type], we were interested in showing not only differences between SDAT and MID patients and normal controls but also the relationship between CT scans, EEG maps, clinical ratings and psychometric tests. CT measures included 10 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space variables as well as 17 cortical density measures (1.7 mm3 cubes, Hounsfield units). Clinical investigations consisted of the SCAG score/factors, the digit symbol substitution test, the trailmaking test and the digit span forward test. In brain maps, SDAT patients showed slightly to moderately more slow and less alpha and beta activity as well as a slowing of the dominant frequency (DF) and the centroid (C) than did normal controls. These findings were most prominent in parietal and temporal regions. MID patients exhibited markedly augmented delta/theta and attenuated alpha and beta activity and a slowing of the DF and C. These neurophysiological findings suggest a deterioration of vigilance. Differences between SDAT and MID patients were found mostly in measures concerning differences in the maps. Brain maps of correlation coefficients between CT and EEG variables demonstrated: the greater the anterior horn distance, lateral ventricle distance, and Evan's index, as well as the less cortical density, the more delta/theta and the less alpha and beta activity in the EEG. Moreover, the higher the delta/theta, the less alpha and beta activity, the higher the SCAG scores, and the worse the psychometric performance. From the pharmacological point of view, we observed a significant improvement in vigilance after administration of several nootropic drugs both in normal and pathologically aging subjects, which was associated also with improvement of psychopathometric scores. Based on multi-variante analysis of variance (MANOVA)/Hotlelling T2 we observed a drug's effect in different brain regions of MID and SDAT patients. Thus, pharmaco-EEG mapping mediates valuable information regarding if, how, when, in which dosage, and where a nootropic drug acts on its target organ--the aging human brain.
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“In addition, EEG can be used in the differential diagnosis between AD and other diseases leading to dementia, such as vascular brain damage [20,21] and Lewy body dementia [22,23,24,25,26].”
From Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia: A Robust Classification Method of EEG Signals and a Comparison of Validation Methods (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Saletu, B., Anderer, P., Paulus, E., Gr??nberger, J., Wicke, L., Neuhold, A., Fischhof, P. K., & Litschauer, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Venue
- Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders
- Published
- 1991
- Volume
- 5
- Pages
- S57-S75
- ISSN
- 0893-0341 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066596143
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- dementia, senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, multi-infarct dementia, nootropic drugs, sustained attention, psychometric performance, brain aging
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alpha Rhythm, Beta Rhythm, Brain Mapping, Clinical Trials as Topic, Dementia, Diagnostic Imaging, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychological Tests, Psychotropic Drugs, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Dementia, Multi-Infarct
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