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The Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (Testicular Feminization): A Clinicopathologic Study of 43 Cases
Abstract
Forty-three patients with the androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), ages 14 to 83 (average 27) years, were studied. Forty patients had complete AIS and three patients had incomplete AIS. Microscopic examination of the testes revealed immature tubules, which contained rare spermatogonia in 28% of the cases. Prominent Leydig cells and a spindle-cell stroma resembling ovarian stroma were found in a majority of cases. The organization of the testicular parenchyma could be classified into one of four patterns: diffuse tubulostromal, lobular tubulostromal, mixed tubulostromal, or stromal-predominant. Hamartomas were present in 63% and Sertoli cell adenomas in 23% of the cases. Malignant tumors developed in 9% of the patients and comprised two seminomas, one intratubular germ cell neoplasm with early stromal invasion, and a malignant sex cord tumor. At least one fallopian tube was present in 35% of the cases.
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Citations
Cited by
Germ Cell Tumors in the Intersex Gonad: Old Paths, New Directions, Moving Frontiers
Cools, M., Drop, S. L. S., Wolffenbuttel, K. P., Oosterhuis, J. W., & Looijenga, L. H. J. (2006) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2006-0005 · Cited by 555
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Hughes, I. A., Davies, J. D., Bunch, T. I., Pasterski, V., Mastroyannopoulou, K., & MacDougall, J. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60071-3 · Cited by 553
Wang, R.-S., Yeh, S., Tzeng, C.-R., & Chang, C. (2009) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2008-0025 · Cited by 465
Pathways of endocrine disruption during male sexual differentiation and masculinisation
Sharpe, R. M. (2006) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2005.09.005 · Cited by 302
Walters, K. A., Simanainen, U., & Handelsman, D. J. (2010) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq003 · Cited by 183
Metadata
- Authors
- Rutgers, J. L., & Scully, R. E.
- Venue
- International Journal of Gynecological Pathology
- Published
- 1991-04
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 126-144
- ISSN
- 0277-1691 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2058278930
- Cited by
- 232
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 1.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Rutgers, J. L., & Scully, R. E. (1991). The Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (Testicular Feminization): A Clinicopathologic Study of 43 Cases. International Journal of Gynecological Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004347-199104000-00002
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