The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Developing Instruments for Cross-Cultural Psychiatric Research
Abstract
The growth of cross-cultural psychiatry is now occurring at a time when psychiatry in general is emphasizing diagnostic clarity and the use of quantifiable and reliable methods of collecting clinical and research data. It is now imperative that cross-cultural psychiatry also examine its methods for developing instruments for use in cross-cultural research. This paper outlines a method for developing instruments designed in one culture for use in a second, and particular attention is given to cross-cultural validity or equivalence. Five types of equivalence are enumerated and defined: content, semantic, technical, criterion, and conceptual equivalence. These concepts are illustrated by examples from the authors' experience in research on internal migrants in Peru.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Guillemin, F., Bombardier, C., & Beaton, D. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90142-n · Cited by 6,060
Lee, J. H., Lee, K. U., Lee, D. Y., Kim, K. W., Jhoo, J. H., Kim, J. H., Lee, K. H., Kim, S. Y., Han, S. H., & Woo, J. I. (2002) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/57.1.p47 · Cited by 773
Acquadro, C., Conway, K., Hareendran, A., & Aaronson, N. (2008) · Value in Health · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00292.x · Cited by 715
Laban, C. J., Gernaat, H. B. P. E., Komproe, I. H., Schreuders, B. A., & De Jong, J. T. V. M. (2004) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000146739.26187.15 · Cited by 444
Rohleder, N., Joksimovic, L., Wolf, J. M., & Kirschbaum, C. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.11.018 · Cited by 393
Metadata
- Authors
- FLAHERTY, J. A., GAVIRIA, F. M., PATHAK, D., MITCHELL, T., WINTROB, R., RICHMAN, J. A., & BIRZ, S.
- Venue
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
- Published
- 1988-05
- Volume
- 176
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 260-263
- ISSN
- 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2023729482
- Cited by
- 821
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 3.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Developing Instruments for Cross-Cultural Psychiatric Research. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1097/00005053-198805000-00001
- The paper
- FLAHERTY, J. A., GAVIRIA, F. M., PATHAK, D., MITCHELL, T., WINTROB, R., RICHMAN, J. A., & BIRZ, S. (1988). Developing Instruments for Cross-Cultural Psychiatric Research. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198805000-00001
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.