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A New Method of Total Reconstruction of the Auricle for Microtia
Abstract
This new method for total reconstruction of the auricle is a two-stage operation in which the first stage involves fabrication and grafting of a three-dimensional costal cartilage framework and the second stage is the ear elevation operation. The three-dimensional frame was designed with emphasis on the fabrication of the helical crus, intertragic notch, and antitragus and by extending the crus helicis and fixing it to the undersurface of the base frame. The reconstructed auricle will have four different floors: the cymba and cavum conchae are the bottom (fourth) level, the crus helicis is the third level, the fossa triangularis and the scapha are the second level, and the helix, anthelix, tragus, and antitragus are the top level. The skin incision was made in a W-shaped fashion to create skin flaps with ample surface area to cover the three-dimensional frame without skin grafting. Furthermore, the semilunar costal cartilage was utilized for ear elevation. Thus this new method for total reconstruction of the auricle eliminates the major problems encountered with the conventional method.
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Items 601–638 of 638
(2000) · Time to knit · doi:10.1016/s2352-3999(22)66233-2
Wijaya, W. A., Zhang, B., Tang, J., Song, F., Huang, J., Qin, Y., Liu, T., Zhang, Z., Li, Z., Cen, Y., et al. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5149063
Anthropometric Difference of Unilateral Microtia Reconstructed Auricle
Mumtazah, A., Hasanah, R. U., Dhafin, F. R., et al. (2025) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1177/10556656251320757
“17 Reducing the framework ’ s size helps alleviate tension, thus preventing disruption of the subcutaneous pedicle during the process of insertion into the pocket.”
Double Tissue Expanders in Auricular Reconstruction for Patients Following Aural Atresia Repair
Zhi, J., Ding, G., Feng, J., Wang, Y., Wang, B., & Liu, T. (2025) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.32307
Ear reconstruction: Novelty in drain placement
Karki, D., Dash, S., Muthukumar, V., et al. (2025) · Indian Journal of Burns · doi:10.4103/ijb.ijb_3_24
Microtia Reconstruction: Virgin Cases—Technical Details
Valotta, M. F. (2025) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000011949
Techniques de réparation des pertes de substance du pavillon de l’oreille
Vertu-Ciolino, D. (2025) · EMC - Techniques chirurgicales - Tête et cou · doi:10.1016/s2211-0402(25)44984-8
Single-Stage Autologous Microtia Reconstruction
Podolsky, D. J., Fisher, D. M., & Kasrai, L. (2025) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000011951
Optimizing Microtia Results in Alloplastic Ear Reconstruction
Kulich, M., Osterbauer, B., Arom, G. A., Kochhar, A., & Gomez, G. (2025) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.70174
“In subsequent stages, framework elevation from the scalp with soft tissue rearrangements completes reconstruction [4, 5].”
Ear Reconstruction and Otoplasty
Cronin, B. J. (2025) · Contemporary surgical clerkships · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-99098-4_21
Primer tiempo de reconstrucción auricular en microtia: tallado de la maqueta de cartílago
VALOTTA, M. F. (2022) · Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana · doi:10.4321/s0376-78922022000100010
How Important is the Tragus in Ear Reconstruction? An Eye-Tracking Study
Losorelli, S. D., Le, B., Bahl, M., et al. (2025) · Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine · doi:10.1177/26893614251407684
Clinical Salvage Approaches for Surgical Site Infection After Autologous Microtia Reconstruction
Oh, K. S., Cho, W.-D., Kim, J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15031064
“Autologous rib cartilage reconstruction remains the gold-standard technique for microtia repair due to its long-term structural stability and natural esthetic outcomes [1–3].”
Huang, L., Xie, R., Liu, Y., et al. (2026) · Asian Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.asjsur.2025.12.293
Barone, A. A. L. (2026) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000012649
Yang, J., Fan, S., Jiang, X., et al. (2026) · Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1177/19160216261425225
Asirova, G. V., Madina, S., Ganshin, I. B., & Tserr, A. E. (2026) · Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine · doi:10.17116/plast.hirurgia20260117
A Novel Syringe-Based Closed Suction System for Enhancing Skin Adherence in Microtia Reconstruction
Afifi, M., Lashin, R., & Elshahat, A. (2026) · Hardware · doi:10.3390/hardware4020009
“Various techniques have been employed to address this issue, including compressive bolster dressings [10] and commercial closed suction drainage systems [8].”
Fukumoto-Inukai, K. A., Llamas-Ostos, A. N., Palafox, D., et al. (2026) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000012956
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Modern methods of cartilaginous microtia reconstruction
Pan, D. R., Bly, R. A., Sie, K. C. Y., & Bhrany, A. D. (2026) · Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1097/moo.0000000000001135
Putri, I. L., Tanto, C. D., Aisyah, I. F., & Pramanasari, R. (2026) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1177/10556656261460845
Xu, Z., Li, Y., Li, D., et al. (2026) · JPRAS Open · doi:10.1016/j.jpra.2026.06.007
“3 However, despite multiple technical modifications to traditional bolster dressing protocols, uneven compressive force from dressings frequently leads to skin necrosis.”
Taleuan, A., Lakhal, A., Houssaini, M. E. S., et al. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.112141
A New Supra-auricular Incision in Single-flap Auricular Reconstruction: A Retrospective Study
Su, R., Jiang, M., Feng, J., et al. (2026) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-026-06137-y
Congenital Aural Atresia: Comprehensive Evaluation and Management
Warren, D., & Kesser, B. W. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-25356-9_19
Jiang, M., Feng, J., Pan, B., et al. (2026) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000013293
Zhang, H., Feng, J., Zhi, J., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2026.1835403
“The conventional standard for total auricular reconstruction continues to rely heavily on autologous costal cartilage carving (Brent, 1999; Nagata, 1993; Firmin and Marchac, 2011).”
Saad, C. G., Santoso, L. F. A. S., Mahdi, R., Nadar, S., Hitihamilage, T. T. J., Emmanuel, N., Menendez, J. P., & Nicolas, G. (2026) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open · doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000008056
“2,4,5,12,17,19,23,46 The higher number of authors in recent articles likely reflects the multidisciplinary structure of tissue engineering and biofabrication.”
Fuchs, B., Lucksch, V., Kuhlmann, C., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15186942
“This concept was later refined and popularized by Nagata et al. in 1993, whose modifications significantly improved aesthetic outcomes and reproducibility [16].”
Xing, W., Lü, P., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-026-06195-2
Solmaz, E., Yıldıran, G., Fazlıoğulları, Z., & Tosun, Z. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15187031
“The Nagata system was used to classify auricular morphology as concha type, small concha type, lobule type, or anotia [12].”
Jobson, O., Ma, Y., Lloyd, M., & Hood, K. (2026) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000013393
Abdal-Moktader, M., Khalifa, M. H., Elbehery, A., & Sharafuddin, M. A. (2026) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000013358
Karamitros, G., Bouloukakis, G., Pontell, M. E., Galdyn, I. A., Shakoori, P., Redett, R. J., & Lamaris, G. A. (2026) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2026.09.048
Castanho, R. M. (2011) · Americanae (AECID Library)
Metadata
- Authors
- Nagata, S.
- Corresponding author
- Nagata, Satoru
- Venue
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Published
- 1993-08
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 187-201
- ISSN
- 0032-1052 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2002001684
- Cited by
- 640
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 0.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Reconstructive Facial Surgery Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics (clinical) › Congenital Ear and Nasal Anomalies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Nasal Surgery and Airway Studies
- Keywords
- microtia, ear reconstruction, two-stage reconstruction, skin flaps
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Cartilage, Child, Ear, External, Female, Humans, Male, Reoperation, Surgery, Plastic, Surgical Flaps, Suture Techniques, Time Factors
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