The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Cardiac and Respiratory Function During Sudden Prolonged Immobility in Wild Rodents
Abstract
Recently captured wild rodents of six different species were tested in a standard “open field” arena where they were subjected to sudden visual and auditory stimulation as well as to a natural predator. Periods of prolonged immobility ranging from 2 to more than 60 minutes' duration were elicited in 21 members of four species. This behavioral state was accompanied by very low heart rates and a high incidence of cardiac arrhythmias. Nine members of two other species which did not show prolonged immobility, had increased heart rates during testing and a significantly lower incidence of arrhythmias. Respiratory rate was elevated during testing in all species. Physiologic recordings were also obtained during “feigned death” responses and transient “torpor.” The adaptive value of these responses is discussed, and the physiologic changes compared to those known to occur during syncope, sleep, expectation of attack and sudden death.
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“In wild rodents, freezing up to a period of 60 minutes—at which point the researcher had to interrupt his observations—has been described.†††,34”
From Fear and the Defense Cascade (2015) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“The sum total of the above-described processes is a frightened animal that is stopped in midmovement, highly aroused, and primed to respond, but that is not yet active.34,45,60”
From Fear and the Defense Cascade (2015) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“the upright posture of humans makes them especially prone to the bradycardia-induced hypoxia that leads to collapsed immobility.34”
From Fear and the Defense Cascade (2015) · cites this paper as [34]
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Porges, S. W. (2007) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.009 · Cited by 3,415
The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system.
Porges, S. W. (2001) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(01)00162-3 · Cited by 1,582
Kozlowska, K., Walker, P., McLean, L., & Carrive, P. (2015) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000065 · Cited by 468
“posture of humans makes them especially prone to the bradycardia-induced hypoxia that leads to collapsed immobility.(34)”
BackgroundSocial Engagement and Attachment: A Phylogenetic Perspective
PORGES, S. W. (2003) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1301.004 · Cited by 472
Love: An emergent property of the mammalian autonomic nervous system
W. Porges, S. (1998) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00057-2 · Cited by 354
Metadata
- Authors
- Hofer, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hofer, Myron A.
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 1970-11
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 633-648
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2326623295
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- prolonged immobility, wild rodents, cardiac function, respiratory rate, heart rate, cardiac arrhythmias, feigned death, predator attack, syncope, sleep, sudden death
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Behavior, Animal, Electrokymography, Electromyography, Fear, Heart Rate, Humans, Immobilization, Noise, Respiration, Rodentia, Species Specificity, Stress, Psychological, Mice, Rats
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