LONG-TERM PSYCHOLOGICAL OUTCOME FOR NON-TREATMENT-SEEKING EARTHQUAKE SURVIVORS IN TURKEY
Abstract
This study examined the incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in 586 earthquake survivors living in prefabricated housing sites a mean of 20 months after the 1999 earthquake in Turkey. The estimated rates of PTSD and major depression were 39% and 18%, respectively. More severe PTSD symptoms related to greater fear during the earthquake, female gender, older age, participation in rescue work, having been trapped under rubble, and personal history of psychiatric illness. More severe depression symptoms related to older age, loss of close ones, single marital status, past psychiatric illness, previous trauma experience, female gender, and family history of psychiatric illness. These findings suggest that catastrophic earthquakes have long-term psychological consequences, particularly for survivors with high levels of trauma exposure. These findings lend further support to the need for long-term mental health care policies for earthquake survivors. Outreach service delivery programs are needed to access non-treatment-seeking survivors with chronic PTSD.
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References 21 · Cited by 179
- Authors
- ŞALCIOĞLU, E., BAŞOĞLU, M., & LIVANOU, M.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- ORCID
- LIVANOU, MARIA
- Venue
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
- Published
- 2003-03
- Volume
- 191
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 154-160
- ISSN
- 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1988440055
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 11.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UBIR (University of Greater Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, earthquake survivors, 1999 Kocaeli earthquake, trauma exposure, prefabricated housing, rescue workers, family history of mental illness
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Mental Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Disasters, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Family, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Personality Inventory, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Turkey, Comorbidity, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Survivors, Rescue Work
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